I was wondering what particular formulas I would need to know. I'm quite sure what the formula is for p or p hat
Your previous question involved a confidence interval. That formula is one you need to know.
There isn't a rule of thumb as to how to actually
find \(p\) or \(\hat{p}\). That will depend entirely on the question given to you.
It just so happens that all of your previous questions involved the binomial distribution, so the method of finding \(p\) and \(\hat{p}\) are pretty much the same.
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Also, you can show this via explicit computation, but in general if you want a
larger percent confidence interval, the interval will be
wider. The intuitive explanation to this is that if you want to be more confident (that your true value lies in the confidence interval), you have to
relax your restriction instead. By relaxing your interval, you're really just making it larger.