Me bad at researching...lol

[jinx_58]

Hello.

I am having trouble researching properly. I am looking for graphs/tables that show the percentage yield, atom economy and hazardous by-products in the synthesis of morphine. But I keep running into journal papers with no tables/graphs whatsoever. And I don't know how to properly calculate the atom economy based on the info the journal paper has given. Could someone please guide me as to what I should specifically type in the search bar to get what I need?

Any help is appreciated,
 - jinx_58

[Billuminati]

Hello.

I am having trouble researching properly. I am looking for graphs/tables that show the percentage yield, atom economy and hazardous by-products in the synthesis of morphine. But I keep running into journal papers with no tables/graphs whatsoever. And I don't know how to properly calculate the atom economy based on the info the journal paper has given. Could someone please guide me as to what I should specifically type in the search bar to get what I need?

Any help is appreciated,
 - jinx_58

You can calculate the overall %atom economy if they included a reaction pathway diagram. I'll include a simplified example here. Note that you ignore molar masses of catalysts in atom economy calculations. Hazardous byproducts are often mentioned in the discussion and conclusion. Yield data might be found in the appendices if it's not reported in the results section

For the pathway described below:

ethane + Cl2 --> chloroethane + HCl

%atom economy = (64.5 / [64.5 + 36.5]) x 100 = 63.86%

Chloroethane + KOH --> ethanol + KCl

%atom economy = (46 / [46 + 74.6]) x 100 = 38.14%

ethanol + propanoic acid --> ethyl propanoate + H2O

%atom economy = (102 / [102 + 18]) x 100 = 85%

Overall %atom economy = (0.6386 x 0.3814 x 0.85) x 100 = 21%

[jinx_58]

Thank you so much Billiuminati. I have again changed my research direction because lack of good data. Thank you for the help; it is greatly appreciated!

 - jinx_58