Questions regarding body immune systems

[monokekie]

Could someone please help solve them? thank you..

Which of the following hormones is NOT released into the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system?

*Growth hormone-releasing hormone
* Prolactin-releasing peptide
* Adrenocorticotropic hormone
* Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Is it true that macrophage releases cytokines to activate T helper cells, and T helper cells then also secretes cytokines to regulate the cellular and humornal immune system?

How does dendritic cells present antigens to T cells?

also, are both MHC I and MHC II antigen presenting cells?

thanks =)

[TrueLight]

Antigen presenting cells include dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells.
All nucleated cells have MHC 1 on their surface. MHC 2 is found mainly on antigen presenting cells.
So processed peptides derived from exogenous sources are displayed on MHC 2 for CD4+ t cells, whilst peptides derived from the cytosol are displayed on MHC 1 for CD8+ t cells.
basically MHC are just proteins that alert the immune system if there is something foreign and dangerous. MHC must have loaded peptide before they are transported to the cell membrane, whether it is self peptide loaded on MHC 1 or foreign peptide.
APC's...well professional APC's like mentioned above are specialised at presenting peptide to naive T cells and activating them if the appropriate signals are received.

tell me if that answers your second question

[qshyrn]

Could someone please help solve them? thank you..

Which of the following hormones is NOT released into the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system?

*Growth hormone-releasing hormone
* Prolactin-releasing peptide
* Adrenocorticotropic hormone
* Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Is it true that macrophage releases cytokines to activate T helper cells, and T helper cells then also secretes cytokines to regulate the cellular and humornal immune system?

How does dendritic cells present antigens to T cells?

also, are both MHC I and MHC II antigen presenting cells?

thanks =)

remember, MHC I and MHC II are NOT CELLS. ive forgotten exactly, but i think theyre on the surface of antigen presenting cells and antigens attach to it

[TrueLight]

they are on the surface of all nucleated cells... so not on red blood cells
yep self peptides and foreign peptides are loaded onto them
they have two different pathways of processing and presenting peptides

structure of mhc 1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MHC_Class_1.svg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmxXOhYzRY4&feature=related
structure of mhc 2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MHC_Class_2.svg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zd64hUCuSzQ

if u want to know about mhc processing theres lots of videos out there
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrFMWyJwGxw&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8JMVq7HF2Y&feature=related

[monokekie]

thank you soo much for your detailed explanations!!!

[Edmund]

Please post future first year Biology questions to the Tertiary boards, so as to not confuse them with VCE Biology

[akira88]

Please post future first year Biology questions to the Tertiary boards, so as to not confuse them with VCE Biology

Haha thanks for that Edmund, I was really confused and at first panicked as I didn't know what these terms were..

[TrueLight]

Please post future first year Biology questions to the Tertiary boards, so as to not confuse them with VCE Biology

can't you move threads?

[Edmund]

Please post future first year Biology questions to the Tertiary boards, so as to not confuse them with VCE Biology

can't you move threads?

Oh yeah I can

[happyhappyland]

Please post future first year Biology questions to the Tertiary boards, so as to not confuse them with VCE Biology

Haha thanks for that Edmund, I was really confused and at first panicked as I didn't know what these terms were..

Im doing VCE biology and my notes have included MHC class 1 and MHC class 2 molecules. It is not on the vague study design but it is worth knowing if u plan to fully understand the topic and make life easier in uni bio