ATAR Notes: Forum
VCE Stuff => VCE Science => VCE Mathematics/Science/Technology => VCE Subjects + Help => VCE Psychology => Topic started by: ngRISING on October 05, 2009, 08:11:18 pm
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hey guys, decided to make a thread for any questions related to Psychology as i will have many before the exams, keep it clean by having one thread ^^.
i was wondering what is insight learning, don't think i've come passed it before.
many thanks ^^.
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Is that the same as insightful behaviour?
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No, insight learning is a form of learning that Kohler was researching. It's basically insight, learning getting get that sort of, 'inspiration' or some sort of other perception that helps solve a problem.
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whats the main diffrence between punishment and negative reinforcement cause i get them wrong most of the times on MC questions and i have no clue why. ty
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Punishment- delivers a negative stimulus or removing a positive one to DECREASE/WEAKEN a behaviour
Negative reinforcement- removal of a negative stimulus to INCREASE/STRENGTHEN a behaviour
Major differences: Punishment weakens a response whereas negative reinforcement strengthens a response
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thanks that was helpful
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If i was given a passage that said "100 VCE students at Lakehill college were tested on..."
and had to write an operational hypothesis, would i say "VCE students..." or "VCE students at Lakehill college"
thankyou!
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The sample is drawn from students at Lakehill college (i.e. the population is students from the college). So you would say VCE students at Lakehill college.
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The sample is drawn from students at Lakehill college (i.e. the population is students from the college). So you would say VCE students at Lakehill college.
yeah just make sure you use past tense for these things. So basically...
The sample was taken from VCE students from Lakehill college.
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what i was wondering was what do i have to include in operational hypothesis to achieve full marks
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i was wondering what is insight learning, don't think i've come passed it before.
The definition we were meant to know for insight was the more trial and error experiences that have occurred, the more chance of an insightful experience occurring.
what i was wondering was what do i have to include in operational hypothesis to achieve full marks
IPOD - IV, Population, Outcome & Dependent Variable.
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ur awsome man manythanks
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i was wondering what is insight learning, don't think i've come passed it before.
The definition we were meant to know for insight was the more trial and error experiences that have occurred, the more chance of an insightful experience occurring.
Ah gah VCAA... *facepalm*
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hey sorry to bother once again but i was flipping through my book its really doesnt touch much on the affects of ageing on memory
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hey sorry to bother once again but i was flipping through my book its really doesnt touch much on the affects of ageing on memory
did you have a more specific question or shall i just summarise it?:P
basically, memory decline from aging is due to three main factors:
* CNS functioning slowing down
* Lack of confidence in memory
* Lack of motivation
These affect STM/Working memory:
* Simultaneous and Complex tasks are affected, whereas simple tasks are not.
* Rate and speed of processing declines
Also affect LTM:
* Procedural memories are the least affected
* Declarative memories are affected, semantic has no apparent decline whereas episodic does.
* Older people do not encode information with as much detail nor as precisly as younger people.
I don't think i have forgetting anything but Hope this helps.
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thanks dude lol this is like the 8th time uve helped lol ur a champion
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thanks dude lol this is like the 8th time uve helped lol ur a champion
haha i don't mind -- it's good revision :D
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hey sorry to bother once again but i was flipping through my book its really doesnt touch much on the affects of ageing on memory
did you have a more specific question or shall i just summarise it?:P
basically, memory decline from aging is due to three main factors:
* CNS functioning slowing down
* Lack of confidence in memory
* Lack of motivation
These affect STM/Working memory:
* Simultaneous and Complex tasks are affected, whereas simple tasks are not.
* Rate and speed of processing declines
Also affect LTM:
* Procedural memories are the least affected
* Declarative memories are affected, semantic has no apparent decline whereas episodic does.
* Older people do not encode information with as much detail nor as precisly as younger people.
I don't think i have forgetting anything but Hope this helps.
how about shrinking of the frontal lobes which play a role in STM functioning
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how about shrinking of the frontal lobes which play a role in STM functioning
oh yeah that's what i forgot, less neural activity in the frontal lobes of people over 60.
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hey guys
was wondering...
1)when can you make generalisations?
2)when can you make conclusions?
ty
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^^^
from my understanding
a conclusion is a two step procedure involving the acceptance or rejection of a hypothesis (which requires careful consideration of any extraneous variables). If no confounding variables exist than the results also if statistically significant can be applied to a wider population (generalization)
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and does anyone know whether confidentiality was breach or not with lil alberts case?
some exams say it was and some say it wasnt
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it was- we know his name =]
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it was- we know his name =]
yep and there is pictures and videos of him.
i've had problems with this as some trial exams say it's not, but i did the VCAA 2005 yesterday and it said that confidentiality is definitely accepted.
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it was- we know his name =]
yep and there is pictures and videos of him.
i've had problems with this as some trial exams say it's not, but i did the VCAA 2005 yesterday and it said that confidentiality is definitely accepted.
VCAA is VCAA. If they say so, then it's what it is.
That said, I'd disagree with the confidentiality being a major problem. I mean, there are many people called Albert, so that's not necessarily an issue (if his name is even Albert). Yeah, the video and pictures may be a problem, but you'd could argue that the experiment required photos to be taken or something...
What I'm trying to get at is that is there's probably better answers to that question out there (if it is a short answer question) than confidentiality. Something like informed consent, or beneficence. The important thing is being able to justify your opinion, rather than just regurgitating answer. This is particularly important in these ethics questions.
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it was- we know his name =]
yep and there is pictures and videos of him.
i've had problems with this as some trial exams say it's not, but i did the VCAA 2005 yesterday and it said that confidentiality is definitely accepted.
VCAA is VCAA. If they say so, then it's what it is.
That said, I'd disagree with the confidentiality being a major problem. I mean, there are many people called Albert, so that's not necessarily an issue (if his name is even Albert). Yeah, the video and pictures may be a problem, but you'd could argue that the experiment required photos to be taken or something...
What I'm trying to get at is that is there's probably better answers to that question out there (if it is a short answer question) than confidentiality. Something like informed consent, or beneficence. The important thing is being able to justify your opinion, rather than just regurgitating answer. This is particularly important in these ethics questions.
psychological harm to the participant is the most obvious one isnt it?
little albert was subject to treatment that possibly resulted in his well-being being harmed
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hm lol interrupt here
i think we did not sure... do you guys learn about the harry harlow experiments? with the rhesus monkeys?
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hm lol interrupt here
i think we did not sure... do you guys learn about the harry harlow experiments? with the rhesus monkeys?
the learning set? yah
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um yeah... lol it was about human development and "contact comfort" and he also isolated the monkeys looking at depression and loneliness...some fcked up stuff... and he saw that it always clung to cloth wired mother.. and when they were isolated they were all psychotic and stuff... real cruel stuff that wouldn't be approved by an ethics commitee nowadays..
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um yeah... lol it was about human development and "contact comfort" and he also isolated the monkeys looking at depression and loneliness...some fcked up stuff... and he saw that it always clung to cloth wired mother.. and when they were isolated they were all psychotic and stuff... real cruel stuff that wouldn't be approved by an ethics commitee nowadays..
Nope, it's a different Harry Harlow experiment with rhesus monkeys to what 3/4 VCE Psychology looks at.
In VCE they look at an experiment on learning set (or 'learning how to learn') - which is a transfer in the skills obtained from one learning scenario to another, similar learning scenario to ultimately improve or hinder the learning ability. There's not a huge amount of information out there about it.
The one you're talking about I'm pretty sure is part of the unit 1 psychology course though. And yes, it was terribly cruel :(
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^^^
from my understanding
a conclusion is a two step procedure involving the acceptance or rejection of a hypothesis (which requires careful consideration of any extraneous variables). If no confounding variables exist than the results also if statistically significant can be applied to a wider population (generalization)
I might just add to that:-
In order to make a conclusion, you have to ensure the inferential statistics showed the results were significant, and you must take into consideration confounding variables. If you have any confounding variables - you can't conclude anything about whether the results are supported or not, as it impossible to know whether the effects of the DV were due to the IV or another factor. Similarly, if your results aren't statistically significant, no conclusions can be made.
When making a generalisation, you should take into account whether the sample is representative of the target population (look at whether random or convenience sampling has been used, whether only females or only males were used, etc.)
=)
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um yeah... lol it was about human development and "contact comfort" and he also isolated the monkeys looking at depression and loneliness...some fcked up stuff... and he saw that it always clung to cloth wired mother.. and when they were isolated they were all psychotic and stuff... real cruel stuff that wouldn't be approved by an ethics commitee nowadays..
Nope, it's a different Harry Harlow experiment with rhesus monkeys to what 3/4 VCE Psychology looks at.
In VCE they look at an experiment on learning set (or 'learning how to learn') - which is a transfer in the skills obtained from one learning scenario to another, similar learning scenario to ultimately improve or hinder the learning ability. There's not a huge amount of information out there about it.
The one you're talking about I'm pretty sure is part of the unit 1 psychology course though. And yes, it was terribly cruel :(
oh right i see!
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thanks hpak!
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and do we need to know the processes of operant conditioning? havent seen any questions of it in exams yet.
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and do we need to know the processes of operant conditioning? havent seen any questions of it in exams yet.
acquisition, shaping, extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generlisation and distinction? of course!!! don't leave anything out of the course. i've seen questions on these before, including comparing the two, know them very well and how they differ from classical conditioning.
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and do we need to know the processes of operant conditioning? havent seen any questions of it in exams yet.
What do you mean you haven't seen a operant conditioning question yet?
Remember, no question (that's worth a high amount of marks) is ever going to ask you directly, what is operant conditioning? Or what is the processes of operant conditioning? More than likely, you'll get questions that may give a scenario, or how would you apply operant conditioning, and you will have to be familiar with the terminology to be able to answer the question effectively.
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and do we need to know the processes of operant conditioning? havent seen any questions of it in exams yet.
What do you mean you haven't seen a operant conditioning question yet?
Remember, no question (that's worth a high amount of marks) is ever going to ask you directly, what is operant conditioning? Or what is the processes of operant conditioning? More than likely, you'll get questions that may give a scenario, or how would you apply operant conditioning, and you will have to be familiar with the terminology to be able to answer the question effectively.
he knows his stuff. take his advice lol
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i think this may have been raised before, but can someone clearly identify and explain which schedules of reinforcement are the fastest to acquire and the slowest to extinguish?
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i think this may have been raised before, but can someone clearly identify and explain which schedules of reinforcement are the fastest to acquire and the slowest to extinguish?
i found out through the vcaa papers that
'continuous reinforcement, or fixed ratio (if continuous isn't there) are the quickest to acquire.
and the most resistant to extinction is variable ratio
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i think this may have been raised before, but can someone clearly identify and explain which schedules of reinforcement are the fastest to acquire and the slowest to extinguish?
i found out through the vcaa papers that
'continuous reinforcement, or fixed ratio (if continuous isn't there) are the quickest to acquire.
and the most resistant to extinction is variable ratio
cheers, yeah its not explained in the textbooks only in trial papers ive seen such questions
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in 2007 paper:
Marnie a nurse, gives Jimmy (8 yr old boy) an injection which is very painful. Now he screams when he is approached by a nurse.
I said:
UCS - Injection
UCR - Pain from injection
But, suggested answers are
UCS - Pain from needle
UCR - Fear of pain
In the scenario it does not say he is afraid of the pain, it just said it was painful, wouldn't the stimulus then be the needle which causes the pain???
edit; also, isn't informed consent only signed by parents if under 16? this is what my teacher told me, but in the VCAA paper it says under 18.
thanks.
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in 2007 paper:
Marnie a nurse, gives Jimmy (8 yr old boy) an injection which is very painful. Now he screams when he is approached by a nurse.
I said:
UCS - Injection
UCR - Pain from injection
But, suggested answers are
UCS - Pain from needle
UCR - Fear of pain
In the scenario it does not say he is afraid of the pain, it just said it was painful, wouldn't the stimulus then be the needle which causes the pain???
edit; also, isn't informed consent only signed by parents if under 16? this is what my teacher told me, but in the VCAA paper it says under 18.
thanks.
Informed consent (for the purposes of research) is signed by parents for under 18s. It's different from medical or clinical situations, which is slightly more complex.
As for the question on the 2007 paper, I assume that you're meant to interpret the screaming as a fear response, hence the CR is the fear of getting an injection. Thus the assumption being is that the UCR would also be a fear response from getting injections.
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Informed consent (for the purposes of research) is signed by parents for under 18s. It's different from medical or clinical situations, which is slightly more complex.
As for the question on the 2007 paper, I assume that you're meant to interpret the screaming as a fear response, hence the CR is the fear of getting an injection. Thus the assumption being is that the UCR would also be a fear response from getting injections.
Oh i see thanks, i'll put down under 18 in my notes than..Hmm, i think i get it. So basically i have to relate the CR to the UCR even though it doesn't really say what the UCR is, i just have to assume? Hopefully they won't give such a question, as i've never gotten any of the other scenarios like this wrong. ><
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in 2007 paper:
Marnie a nurse, gives Jimmy (8 yr old boy) an injection which is very painful. Now he screams when he is approached by a nurse.
I said:
UCS - Injection
UCR - Pain from injection
But, suggested answers are
UCS - Pain from needle
UCR - Fear of pain
In the scenario it does not say he is afraid of the pain, it just said it was painful, wouldn't the stimulus then be the needle which causes the pain???
thanks.
I don't think pain on its own can be a UCR. Don't worry though, I got this wrong as well. It's a very confusing one.
Is insightful learning grasping the rule required the solve the problem and knowing that you can solve the problem with that rule before you've actually applied it? Have I missed anything out?
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Is insightful learning grasping the rule required the solve the problem and knowing that you can solve the problem with that rule before you've actually applied it? Have I missed anything out?
Insightful learning isn't on the study design anymore - they shouldn't really be able to examine it.
And no - I think you just described learning set. Insight learning is when a species 'all of a sudden' realises how to solve a problem (like an epiphany). It's described as being an 'AHA!' moment. I wouldn't worry about it too much, though.
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Yeah what hpak said.
As i said before, my teacher told us to know the definition for insight:
The more trial and error experiences one has, the more chance of an insightful experience occurring.
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Hi all,
Is the operant conditioning response voluntary, involuntary, or both?
I have noticed some sources say it is involuntary while others say it may involve both.
Thanks for reading :)
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both.
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thank you!!
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i thought it was voluntary why is it both?
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Hi all,
Is the operant conditioning response voluntary, involuntary, or both?
I have noticed some sources say it is involuntary while others say it may involve both.
Thanks for reading :)
the response is voluntary.
i've heard it to be both, but no, in operant conditioning it's safer to say 'voluntary' only.
(as my textbook states)
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thanks thats what i thought :)
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i thought it was both as well?
and some last minute clarification please :)
1) whats quickest to extinguish, VR or VI?
2) does random sampling eliminate participant variables? i remember reading it in some exam
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1) VI i think
2) Yes because they are evenly distributed
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1) Variable interval is faster to extinguish then Variable Ratio
2) Strictly speaking, no. What random sampling does is to attempt to ensure that your sample is a fair representation of your population. Eliminating participant variables is generally done by using a repeated measures design.
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glockmeister,
is the response in operant conditioning
voluntary or both?
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whats quickest to extinguish, FR or FI?
and do we need to know response cost? or do we just refer to it as punishment?
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whats quickest to extinguish, FR or FI?
and do we need to know response cost? or do we just refer to it as punishment?
Fixed ratio extinguishes faster than fixed interval, I think. Although I don't think there's a huge difference
And no, you don't need to know response cost, but if you say "response cost" for the form of punishment whereby a positive stimulus is taken away, you'll still be given the mark (just make sure you don't say 'response cost' for the addition of a negative stimulus.)
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glockmeister,
is the response in operant conditioning
voluntary or both?
According to my textbook and lecture notes, it's voluntary responses.
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1) Variable interval is faster to extinguish then Variable Ratio
2) Strictly speaking, no. What random sampling does is to attempt to ensure that your sample is a fair representation of your population. Eliminating participant variables is generally done by using a repeated measures design.
variable interval is not faster to extinguish than variable ratio. VI is the hardest to extinguish and produces the steadiest (but slowest) responses of a long period of time.
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no, i was told variable ratio is the most resistant to extinction, and in the VCAA papers the schedule with the 'highest and steadiest rate' is also stated as variable ratio.
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no, i was told variable ratio is the most resistant to extinction, and in the VCAA papers the schedule with the 'highest and steadiest rate' is also stated as variable ratio.
+1 Yep.
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no, i was told variable ratio is the most resistant to extinction, and in the VCAA papers the schedule with the 'highest and steadiest rate' is also stated as variable ratio.
+1 Yep.
+2
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if a questions asks for ONE limitation or watever
and i give two will i automatically lose the mark?
or
just in general if i provide two options and one is correct but the other isnt or even if both are correct would i still get the mark/s?
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if a questions asks for ONE limitation or watever
and i give two will i automatically lose the mark?
or
just in general if i provide two options and one is correct but the other isnt or even if both are correct would i still get the mark/s?
If you give two responses, they will only read the first one.
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if a questions asks for ONE limitation or watever
and i give two will i automatically lose the mark?
or
just in general if i provide two options and one is correct but the other isnt or even if both are correct would i still get the mark/s?
If you give two responses, they will only read the first one.
ahk thanks :)
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is there reinforcement in classical condition?
if so would the stimulus (meat power) in Pavlov's experiment also be the reinforcer?
and then what would be the reinforcer in the Little Albert experiment?
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is there reinforcement in classical condition?
if so would the stimulus (meat power) in Pavlov's experiment also be the reinforcer?
and then what would be the reinforcer in the Little Albert experiment?
Reinforcement is more an operant conditioning term than a classical conditioning term
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is there reinforcement in classical condition?
if so would the stimulus (meat power) in Pavlov's experiment also be the reinforcer?
and then what would be the reinforcer in the Little Albert experiment?
It's not 'reinforcement' because it isn't encouraging behaviour, it's strengthening the association between the two stimuli.
A reinforcer is a desirable consequence (ie. a reward of the removal of something undesirable)
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thanks for the quick reply!
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help help!
quickest to extinguish is continuous, then fixed ratio, all the others, THEN variable interval
quickest to aquire is continuous then?
and hardest to extinguish is variable interval?
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yeh continuous = quickest to acquire
variable ratio is hardest to extinguish
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help help!
quickest to extinguish is continuous, then fixed ratio, all the others, THEN variable interval
quickest to aquire is continuous then?
and hardest to extinguish is variable interval?
yeah that'd be about right
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could someone please give me an example of operant conditioning having an involuntary reponse?
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from IARTV 2008
Q40) Jodie was grounded for being rude to her parents. This could be considered response cost because
A. Jodie was in her room and could no longer hear her parents nagging
B. Jodie was being prevented from going out with her friends.
C. Jodie was being physically punished for her rudeness.
D. Jodie experienced positive reinforcement.
Correct answer is B
Q41) In the scenario above, which one of the following, if any, represents negative reinforcement?
A. Jodie was in her room and could no longer hear her parents nagging
B. Jodie was being prevented from going out with her friends.
C. Jodie was being physically punished for her rudeness.
D. None of the above represents negative reinforment.
Correct answer is A and I chose D but i don't understand how A represents NR..
could someone kindly explain please? ty
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from IARTV 2008
Q40) Jodie was grounded for being rude to her parents. This could be considered response cost because
A. Jodie was in her room and could no longer hear her parents nagging
B. Jodie was being prevented from going out with her friends.
C. Jodie was being physically punished for her rudeness.
D. Jodie experienced positive reinforcement.
Correct answer is B
Q41) In the scenario above, which one of the following, if any, represents negative reinforcement?
A. Jodie was in her room and could no longer hear her parents nagging
B. Jodie was being prevented from going out with her friends.
C. Jodie was being physically punished for her rudeness.
D. None of the above represents negative reinforment.
Correct answer is A and I chose D but i don't understand how A represents NR..
could someone kindly explain please? ty
This might be a little too late but...
40) Response Cost is sorta like a negative punishment, punishment from removing a positive stimulus, in this example , going out with friends. Don't worry too much about this, since I don't think response cost terminology is actually in the study design.
41) Negative Reinforcement is the removal of a stimulus to increase the probability of a behaviour happening. In this case, her parents nagging could be considered the negative stimulus, upon removal, it would increase the probability of a behaviour happening...
(it's not a well written question, I agree)
Good luck for tomorrow.
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It's not too late =) Thanks for that Glockmeister, I think I get it now.
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got 100minutes for the exam, spending the last 60 to do 2 prac exams :S !
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got 100minutes for the exam, spending the last 60 to do 2 prac exams :S !
hahaha. as if your doing work for it now! i'm taking it easy this morning.
gooodluck all
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This thread still works right? =)
I read that the frontal lobe is 'the end point of all sensory information and involved in logical thinking', and then for the left hemisphere 'involved in logical reasoning'. Does this mean logical thinking/reasoning is involved in the Left hemisphere and the Frontal lobe?
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This thread still works right? =)
I read that the frontal lobe is 'the end point of all sensory information and involved in logical thinking', and then for the left hemisphere 'involved in logical reasoning'. Does this mean logical thinking/reasoning is involved in the Left hemisphere and the Frontal lobe?
yes, i would think so, as the frontal lobe is responsible for all higher mental function and thinking including personality, so it would make sense that it would be responsible for logic, where it is predominately a left-frontal lobe function.
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This thread still works right? =)
I read that the frontal lobe is 'the end point of all sensory information and involved in logical thinking', and then for the left hemisphere 'involved in logical reasoning'. Does this mean logical thinking/reasoning is involved in the Left hemisphere and the Frontal lobe?
The way the VCE study design may teach it, may seem to imply that...
But in reality, it's a little more complex than that. Again, don't take the lateralisation of brain function (aside from isolated cases, e.g language and LH controls right hand of body and vice versa) as an absolute. You can not cut off the right frontal lobe and expect to still be able to logically think.
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thanks for the help guys, one more question that's been bugging me.
The primary auditory cortex processes verbal info in the left hemisphere and non-verbal in the right hemisphere. Does this mean it's not contralateral?
As in sounds heard from the left ear are not processed in the right hemisphere and vice versa, it depends on whether it's verbal or not instead
Sac's on Friday, so want to weed out the uncertainties =)
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thanks for the help guys, one more question that's been bugging me.
The primary auditory cortex processes verbal info in the left hemisphere and non-verbal in the right hemisphere.
I don't believe this is actually the case. When they talk about the non-verbal information, there's no sound and so, the PAC isn't truly involved (unless I'm misunderstanding you). Instead, it relies more on the visual pathways.
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i still dont completely understand the association areas.. so exactly how many association areas are there? or are association areas every other part of the brain not including sensory and motor areas (visual, auditory, etc..)
and afferent neurons send information to the central n.s while efferent neurons recieve information from the central n.s
could i correctly refer to brocas area as being responsible for the production of clear fluent speech, or is articulate speech a better description?
and if i was asked what the primary somatosensory cortex was resposible for, could a correct answer be; the primary somatosensory cortex is responsible for recieving bodily sensory information?
or should i include more detail..
thanks in advance :)
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theres lots of association cortices... this is from a notebook from last yr..
premotor association cortex, pariteal association cortex, temporal association cortex, prefrontal association cortex...and apparently thye carry out higher level processing or functions (eg. personality traits, language, memory, consciousness)
and yep ur right about the afferent and efferents neurons
somatosensory cortex receives somatic inputs from the body in an ordered way... and also there are different 'sizes' of neurons devoted to more important functions in the body ie. body parts that are functionally more important occupy mmore of the cortical map area.
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if a question asks for two relatively non-invasive technique that shows function of an intact brain
would PET and fMRI be considered alright?
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aren't those the only two that show function?
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if a question asks for two relatively non-invasive technique that shows function of an intact brain
would PET and fMRI be considered alright?
aren't those the only two that show function?
pet and fmri show function of an intact brain, but pet is considered to be a mildly invasive technique.. i think an EEG(electroencephalograph) would be a better answer than a pet scan (pet scans involve an injection of radioactive glucose)
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if a question asks for two relatively non-invasive technique that shows function of an intact brain
would PET and fMRI be considered alright?
aren't those the only two that show function?
pet and fmri show function of an intact brain, but pet is considered to be a mildly invasive technique.. i think an EEG(electroencephalograph) would be a better answer than a pet scan (pet scans involve an injection of radioactive glucose)
Agree with that.
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yeah i only realised that electronencephalograph showed function after the sac ..
as it is grouped with the other ones that show structure in the grivas book..
would PET s till be considered correct as the question stated 'relatively uninvasive',
or else it wouldnt have said relative, since fMRI and EEG arent invasive at all?
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yeah i only realised that electronencephalograph showed function after the sac ..
as it is grouped with the other ones that show structure in the grivas book..
would PET s till be considered correct as the question stated 'relatively uninvasive',
or else it wouldnt have said relative, since fMRI and EEG arent invasive at all?
yeah possibly
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yeah i only realised that electronencephalograph showed function after the sac ..
as it is grouped with the other ones that show structure in the grivas book..
would PET s till be considered correct as the question stated 'relatively uninvasive',
or else it wouldnt have said relative, since fMRI and EEG arent invasive at all?
Well, one of things about PET scans is that you can't just keep doing it continuously, because of the radioactive glucose. To be honest, I don't think you'll be able to get that question right.