I'm normally pretty crap at these but am I the only one who thinks q2 should be e?
I: we don't have enough information to make that conclusion. We know all P's are E's but we do not know how large the category of E is to conclude all E's are also all P's. E's could also include a hypothetical group F. Thus this is not a valid conclusion.
II: Clearly violates the first line that Some T's are P's.
III: Here is where I have a problem. I do not think you can make this conclusion without knowing the scope of E. There is no given relationship between the T's that are not P's and group E. It is POSSIBLE that E's includes some T's that are not P's, but there is no statement in support of this thus the conclusion is speculation and not valid. All we know for sure is that the only T's which are E's are also those T's which are P's. We do not know enough about the T's that are not P's.
IV: I don't see how this can be valid either. We don't know the scope of E, so E could be comprised entirely of P but could also include things other than P, including things that are not T's. Even if all E's where P's (Which would subsequently make I correct), we don't know the scope of P, meaning E could include P's that are not T's. Again the conclusion is possible but cannot be determined conclusively without further information about the scope of E.
And given that I is listed as not a correct answer, they clearly do not accept 'possible' conclusions as valid conclusions. Hence none are valid.
There is also a problem with drawing venn diagrams. It depends on how you draw the diagram. I've drawn two possible ways I could see it below.
The big difference being in the second diagram, E's only include P's, meaning E's only include T's that are also P's.
I hope I'm making sense. I figure I'm making a mistake in my logic somewhere so I guess I'll see what you guys think of my reasoning?
EDIT:
looking back at q1, I is only correct if you assume C is not identical to F or B. Otherwise imagine a circle, half the circle is B. The whole circle is F. C could be the same half circle as B, the entire circle the same as F or an even bigger circle. In the first two cases, all C's would also be F's.