Agrippina the Younger has endured a controversial and polarizing legacy, with both ancient and modern sources offering a variety of perspectives on her life and influence within Rome. Her status as a woman greatly impacted upon these judgements, with the most prevalent representations of Agrippina placing great importance on her femininity (or lack thereof), such as the evil stepmother, sexual deviant, hyper-masculine woman commander, and feminist icon.
For many centuries, Agrippina had an overwhelmingly negative legacy, brought about by long-held misogynistic beliefs about powerful women and their incompatibility within society. Agrippina’s manipulative relationship with her son is the foundation of one of Agrippina’s most popular representations, the manipulative evil stepmother. Though Agrippina was Nero’s birth mother, the literary label of the archetypal villainess seems to many to be an appropriate fit, the greatest advocates for this depiction being ancient sources, particularly Tacitus, who stated that “Everyone longed for the mother’s domination to end.” Many ancient (and some modern) historians present Agrippina as an over-bearing and power hungry woman, who exploited her relationships with important men, such as her husband Claudius, and son Nero, in order to consolidate her own power and influence within the Empire. She is presented as ruthless, actively pursuing her ambitions no matter the cost, evident through Tacitus, who suggests that “Agrippina had long decided on murder,” in relation to her (supposed) role in Claudius’ death when he was no longer of use to her. These ideas relate to that of another representation of Agrippina, the sexual deviant.
Presented mainly through ancient historians such as Suetonius and Cassius Dio, who utilized gossip and scandal heavily within their histories, Agrippina’s supposed promiscuity remains a key feature of her legacy. Within Ancient Rome, the most effective way of discrediting someone was to “reveal” their immoral and deviant sexual exploits, and this was even more relevant in regards to women. “Her private life was chaste--unless power was to be gained” Though perhaps not as scandalous as Agrippina’s predecessor, Messalina, the ancient historians still describe Agrippina as a promiscuous women, utilizing her sexuality to obtain power over weak and lustful men. This description is evident within the works of many ancient historians, particularly Cassius Dio, who suggests that Agrippina not only seduced Claudius before their marriage, but was involved in many adulterous affairs with the likes of Pallas and Seneca, all of whom were influential men within the Empire. The accounts of her alleged incestuous relationship with her son is also evidence of this, as it was perceived to be a way for her to manipulate Nero, and keep him under her control. Though it is predominantly the ancient historians who assert this view, many modern historians failed to deviate from this conclusion as well, such as Scullard who referred to Agrippina as a “harlot.”
Another representation of Agrippina is that of the hyper-masculine woman commander, who greatly over-steps her domestic boundaries, as a woman seeking inappropriate political ambitions. It is clear through numismatic evidence (Agrippina’s profile appears on coins alongside Nero), the Sebasteion Relief’s (where she is depicted as equals next to Claudius and Nero), and her title of Augusta that Agrippina was a very powerful, which was highly unusual for a woman of her time and situation. According to modern historian Barrett, the patriarchal society of Rome “saw the elevation of women like Agrippina as an inversion of the natural order.” As second-class citizens, the concept of a woman achieving so much influence, even more than some important men said a lot about Agrippina’s person, Tacitus describing her as having a “masculine despotism.” This view is also asserted by modern historians such as Scullard, who wrote within the 1950s (a decade known for its rigid gender stereotypes), and described Agrippina as having overstepped her domestic duties, showing that this view of Agrippina’s immorality withstood for centuries.
However, as society began to shift their focus away from “great men,” and instead began to embrace social history, the writings on Agrippina (and many other historical women) and her legacy dramatically changed. Instead, Agrippina was presented as a feminist icon, who seized the opportunities that she was given and most often deserved due to her intellect and ability, and was unfairly persecuted by men who used her as an example to further their anti-women, anti-imperial agendas. Historians such as Barrett, Ginsburg and Leadbetter suggest that the ancient historians judgement of Agrippina was clouded by their negative views on women, which “blinded them to any admirable qualities [she] might have possessed,” and that in many respects Agrippina’s influence was actually a positive one for Rome, evident after her death, when Nero, now free of his mother’s (and her supporter Seneca and Burrus’) control, began his reign of terror.
Therefore, it is clear that Agrippina’s legacy is a changing and dynamic one, that is heavily influenced by societies changing attitudes towards women and power. However, whether it is believed that she obtained her influence through immoral acts, manipulation, or pure ambition and intellect, Agrippina’s influence over Rome is almost impossible to deny, cementing her legacy as one of the most powerful women in history.
I got the question 5 multiple choice question wrong. :'( The worst part is, I have actually walked down and saw the tombs outside the Nuceria gate no less than a year ago :'( >:(I did NKE from Amenhotep III to Ramesses II too and thought the questions were horrendous too! Far too restricted for a 25 marker, especially the post-Kadesh question as there is next to nothing you can talk about (besides the Hittite Peace Treaty and marriage of Maat-hor-neferure(?). I chose the officials one, but even then I feel like I was stretching it. The fact it mentioned “empire” was ok because I just have a timeline review of the empire and spoke a little bit of nonsense about the officials (even though our teacher completely skipped that dot point).
Other than that, section one treated me relatively nice.
For question 6, I am lucky that I mentioned the Alexander the Great mosaic and the cult of isis.
As for question 7, I struggled a little, though I did mention a few of the points you noted.
I should recieve 10 marks for question 8 which I was fully prepared for.
I thought I did really well in the Sparta section. I was lucky with the questions.
Our period study topic for section IV was NKE: Amenhotep III - Rameses II. In my honest opinion, the questions were ridiculous. Definitely not what many would have prepared for (including myself).
Exam overall was fine, curious to know what the multiple choice was for the Roman colony or something like that, I have a feeling it's the Latin names one but i put down Amphitheater :(So glad that overall you found the exam to be quite accessible! Don't worry too much about the multiple choice :) It's just one mark - highly unlikely that it would have made a huge difference :)
I got the question 5 multiple choice question wrong. :'( The worst part is, I have actually walked down and saw the tombs outside the Nuceria gate no less than a year ago :'( >:(One multiple choice question really isn't a big deal don't worry! I got a multiple choice question wrong in both Modern and Ancient last year, and it hardly affected my mark overall :) So cool that you've been to Pompeii though! So jealous. So glad that the rest of Section 1 went well though :) Sounds like you smashed it! Especially in Sparta!
Other than that, section one treated me relatively nice.
For question 6, I am lucky that I mentioned the Alexander the Great mosaic and the cult of isis.
As for question 7, I struggled a little, though I did mention a few of the points you noted.
I should recieve 10 marks for question 8 which I was fully prepared for.
I thought I did really well in the Sparta section. I was lucky with the questions.
Our period study topic for section IV was NKE: Amenhotep III - Rameses II. In my honest opinion, the questions were ridiculous. Definitely not what many would have prepared for (including myself).
Hey,YAY KATIE!!!! Great work - you've been working so hard over the last year, so you really deserve to smash this exam :) Don't worry too much about the Julio-Claudians - its a really hard/huge topic, so I'm sure other people struggled with those questions as well, not just you - this will be taken into consideration through moderation! Focus on the positives! Sounds like overall, you absolutely killed it!
So here are my slightly longish thoughts:
Pompeii & Herculaneum: I got all of the multiple choice right (which is so surprising seeing I didn't know the sources at all and guessed some :D)!!! I think that I went ok with this section. :)
With question 6, I talked about the Nilotic imagery and the temple of Isis. I also talked about the House of the Faun and said it had Nilotic Imagery-I wasn't too sure in the exam but is that where the source is from?
With question 7, I didn't remember all of the political terms but talked about the aediles and quinquennial duumvirs in general terms. I also talked about how political figures were normally from a wealthy patrician background, client-patron relationships, that Eumachia was an influential political figure, political programmata/graffiti urging people to vote for a particular person, and the statue of Marcus Nonius Balbus.
With the 10-mark response, I talked about how the international recognition by UNESCO has allowed more education, awareness, reporting and funding to be done throughout both towns. I also talked about how areas of the towns were separated from the public and they didn’t have access to the whole site however tourists did destroy some areas with graffiti, taking ‘souvenirs’, etc. With source H, I said that the raised footpaths would mean that tourists would not wear down the roads/paths of Pompeii as much but I felt like it was a hard source to try to write about.
Sparta: I really liked these questions :). I feel like my answer for Artemis Ortheia needed a bit of work (I forgot what God it was! But I did talk about the temple of AO and the cheese whipping festival) but the essay was really good. For the essay, I wrote about art (bronzework of the Perioki, cups/kylixes) and the writing of Alcmann/Tyrtaeus (just realised I spelt his name wrong in the whole essay) but I think it was a bit too short. I tried to talk about the Spartan mirage here as well.
Agrippina: I didn’t study for the first question too much so I’m not too sure how I went. For the 2nd question, I did it like that as well (slightly different though) and was pretty happy with it as I remembered heaps of my Ancient/modern quotes and archaeological evidence!
Julio-Claudians: My essay was terrible! I did the senate question and forgot so much detail and quotes. It was also really short. I went home and saw how many quotes that were in my detail table and can’t believe I forgot all of them! Hoping that I do well in all of the other topics to balance this out.
Can’t believe Ancient is over!
For the 10 marker in the Pompeii and Herculaneum section I spoke quite a bit about conservation projects such as the Pompeii Forum Project and the Herculaneum Conservation Project, while linking them to tourism. Would that be ok?Definitely okay! I think they would have been great to talk about, considering the question was on conservation (particularly like how you provided examples for both Pompeii and Herculaneum!
Also, I barely knew anything about Spartan marriage customs but as it did say customs I interpreted that to mean general culture around marriage. So I spoke about how the kings could determine a women’s marriage, how they inherited land, how married women were expected to primarily be child bearers, how Spartan Men were required to dedicate more time to the military than their wives and how old bachelors were taunted. How many marks will I scrape with that?I think that should still be okay! You may not be able to get full marks with that response, but I think, if you still provided a lot of evidence, if you mentioned all those points a 3/5 would not be out of reach (perhaps even a 4/5! It was quite a specific question, that i'm sure quite a lot of people would have had problems with) :)
Besides that, and the ridiculous NKE Amenhotep III - Ramesses II question I found it all fairly achievable. And yes, of course I made up some Historians names I forgot for my quotes.Eh everyone does ;) You probably won't lose marks for that, you just won't gain one, so no biggie!
Good luck to everyone else!
I got 4/5 for multiple choice, pretty good considering I've seen none of the sources before, for the 3 short answers I think I did pretty okay. I didn't revise political life so I was a little bit off with terms I used probably. Really happy with the 10 marker as I predicted that the question would either be that or ethical issues.Great job! Sounds like you smashed it, especially for Section I and the Personality Study! So glad that you're feeling confident overall :) Don't worry too much about the Historical Period - i'm sure a lot of people struggled with that one (definitely one of the harder options imo - had a student this year who studied it and it looked super tricky), which means that during the moderation process you'll probably be bumped up!
Sparta was 50/50 - totally forgot everything about Artemis Orthia & revised mostly terms and social structure stuff instead of culture, but my answer was kind of close to answering the question ???
For personality I did Hatshepsut - both really good questions especially with a being a describe verb 👏👏
Historical period was absolute rubbish imo, New Kingdom Egypt to the death of Thutmose IV...I chose to do option a (prominent officials) which was hard to talk about because I only really knew about the pharaohs.
All in all I think it was a pretty okay paper, I left feeling fairly confident & easily better than in trials
I really didn't mind the Ancient exam until after I left and I realised that I answered the Cultural Life of Sparta question thinking it asked about Everyday life. I just lost a good 15 marks... so that wasn't a fun time.I'm sure you wouldn't have lost all 15 marks! Yes, you may be prevented from getting a "high mark", as you didn't exactly answer the question, but I'm sure that you'll be able to grab some marks for detail + content that crosses over (a lot of it does!)
The questions for the NKE To the Death of Thutmose IV were hella hard. I predicited that an officials question would be asked in either the Hatshepsut (personality) section or my NKE period but the second option about relations with the Mittani was REALLY narrow in my opinion.Yeah, sounds like that option was brutal overall! Probably means that that option will scale up though, so don't worry :) Ancient exams can be really mean when it comes to super specific questions - when will they learn :(
I absolutely hated the Pompeii and Herculaneum sources - got 2/5 in MC. I want to cry ahhh!! But the other sections were alright so I'm really hoping my raw mark is over 90/100 :-\Aye, that's what, 3 marks? In an 100 mark paper? Don't stress :) If the other sections went well, then it's likely that this will have very little impact on your final mark :)
What do you all think the raw mark cut off for a band 6 would be this year?
For Pompeii I got 4/5 for multiple-choice. I got Question 4 wrong (I said it was the ampitheatre, I honestly had no idea). I'm pretty proud of myself considering I did not know any of the sources. The Egyptian influence question was easy and I was prepared for it. The political life one was the complete opposite. I wrote a lot for it but used basically no sources. I didn't like how specific Question 10 was by making us focus on tourism but I managed to adapt what I had. I agree that Source H was tricky. I just kept referencing the fences.Great work for the multiple choice! Question 4 was quite tricky - u'd really need to know the role of the quinquennial duumvirs (a very small aspect of political life) in order to be able to answer it properly, so I doubt you'd have been the only person to get that one wrong! Don't worry too much about not having many sources for the political life short answer - there isn't much in the way of sources anyway for that section besides a few statues and programmata, so I'm sure you'll be fine.
Societies freaked me out at first because the questions were very obscure and I was not expecting them at all. However, I think I managed to do quite well in this section, especially with the 15 marker.Awesome! Yeah, at least for Sparta I thought they were a bit obscure (Artemis Orthia and Marriage customs mainly) - did you do Sparta? or another option?
The Agrippina questions were pretty good. I think I did well for the 10 marker but in the 15 marker I was flustered and rushed (I don't know why because I did this section first). Basically it wasn't as good as I hoped it would be but I used lots of historians and wrote a lot so hopefully it was ok.I'm sure you went okay, even if you were a bit flustered! Agrippina is an accessible part of the exam, so I'm sure you still managed to pick up a lot of marks here, even if it wasn't 100% as good as you hoped :)
Section 4 was terrible. I did NKE Amenhotep III-Ramses II and like the other people on this thread found the questions way too specific for a 25 mark essay. I did the Battle of Kadesh one because I knew only 2 officials at a very basic level. I don't think I answered the question very well because I was talking about so much other stuff to try and make it the length of an essay. It was frustrating because I prepared for this section so much but those 2 questions were both horrible in my opinion.Sounds like the Egyptian options really hammered you guys this year! Don't worry too much though - moderation and scaling will work in your favour as these were all so tricky this year! Talking about other stuff isn't a problem if you set up in your introduction that it would be :) We call that a differentiated essay!
Pompeii and Herculaneum: Yay got 4/5 for the multiple choice questions!! Honestly source C confused me because I didn't know what they were doing. I thought the person was tanning the cloth so I put down tanner :(. Short answers were sweet. The question for extended response wasn't too bad but I think the way I approached was awful. I said that tourism was good-ish BUT was bad because it also quickened the process of deterioration. O well.The first time I looked at that source, I wasn't 100% sure whether it was a fuller or a tanner as well! Ended up needing to reverse image search of google, because I just wasn't 100% sure either way. I think that source was a bit unfair - not as clear as I think NESA expected it to be. That doesn't sound like an awful way to approach it at all! In fact, I'd definitely want to reference that there are two sides to tourism - that it's a bit of a double edged sword :)
Spartan society: All the question were amazing honestly. Are artisans and craftsmen the same thing? I totally forgot what a fisherman was called during the exam so I put down craftsmen instead for the first question. Artemis Orthia was sweet and also the marriage customs. My teacher was shocked when I told her that in my marriage customs response, I said 'fill her up with noble sperm' (Plutarch). It's still a source so... For the extended response, I predicted that it was going to be cultural life and I nearly cried when I saw it in the exam. For our Sparta assessment this year, we had the exact same question so this section was good. I mentioned Laconian Cup (the source given), Arkesilas Cup, Herodotus' account of the Karneia, the ivory sculptures of the Dioscuri, Pausanias' account of the buildings in Sparta and the Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia. I should've included Alcman but ran out of time.Hmmm I believe that they are the same thing, but not 100% sure. If they are, then you'd still get at least 1/2 for that question :) So glad that you thought the other questions were good! I thought the second and third were quite tricky to be honest! And ahaha, well considering you literally got a source referencing feces, I don't think she could be that surprised by that quote! Love Ancient - only subject were you can talk about the most vulgar shit, and get away with it cos its a "source" ;) Yay! I was so happy when I saw the cultural life question as well! What I was hoping for last year tbh :( But so glad that if I couldn't get it, you guys could :) Sounds like you smashed this section Bea!
Xerxes: Slightly disappointed in the questions. Succession to kingship was alright and the influence of Xerxes during his time was completely made up. Talked about his revolts and his administration of the empire and also how the result of the Persian wars influenced Athens to develop into a democratic empire.Aye don't worry too much about this :) In English last year, they prescribed Hollow Men, the only poem I didn't study, only wrote a 3 page essay, but still came away with an overall pretty good mark in English :) One essay not going 100% your way doesn't mean that you can't still get a good mark, or even a band 6!
Greek World: 500-440BC: I keep forgetting that this topic is split into three dot points not two. So guess which dot point turns up in the exam? The one I didn't study for because I completely forgot it existed. I would like to track down the HSC marker marking my essay and would like to formally apologise to him/her. Barely had sources for the question that I picked.
But hey! This Ancient History exam is literally history now. HUGE relief that its finally over! ;D ;D
Pompeii:Congrats with the multiple choice! Don't worry too much about Question 7. Without explictly mentioning Herculaneum, yes, you can't get FULL marks, however not getting full marks isn't a big deal - you can still get "most" marks without referencing Herculaneum. One wrong statistic is also unlikely to affect you - they won't take a mark away from you there, they just won't give you a mark for that stat :) And doesn't matter if you didn't referencing exactly what I would have! There are tonnes of other stuff that you can mention besides vandalism and looting which are just as valid. Sounds like you answered the question well!
-So based of the sample answers here I think I got 5 for the MC's which is a pleasant surprise.
-Not sure if I explicitly mentioned Herculaneum in Question 7 so idk if I can get 6 for that :(
-Also I mucked up my statistics for the essay and said Pompeii gets 500 000 visitors per year instead of Herculaneum, and I didn't speak about vandalism or looting :-[ I used Pompeii Forum Project and HCP in the 10 marker and not sure if correct
Athenian Society:Hmmm customs questions for most case studies are really hard, as they are very specific (ie. you can't bullshit them), so I'm sure a lot of other people struggled with that question as well - same for the culture question! And that will all be taken into account with moderation (especially considering you do one of the lesser studied options!)
-2 Marker was name two temples, so it was fine
-3 Marker was on the Great Dionysia Festival which was also good
-5 Marker was on Funerary Customs, which fucked me over- not sure if I got more than 3, it was really hard.
-15 Marker was on Athenian Culture for the first time ever, so that was really unexpected, and I hope I did okay.
Personality: PericlesCongrats on predicting the question! Always a nice feeling aha. I actually have a student studying Pericles, and they said that that question was a bit tricky - but it sounds like you approached it well! I like how you structured it according to the specific influences he had on the time :)
-10 Marker on Family Background and Education was perfect, it was what we were predicting so no problems there.
-15 Marker on Influence on time I'm not sure I did so well on. I did one paragraph democratic reforms, one military career and one on personality/rhetoric, but I rushed the last paragraph and I have no idea if anyone else even does this elective.
Period: The Augustan AgeLucky! Again, they won't take marks away from you for making up sources (if they catch you at all), they just won't give you marks for them, so don't worry about that.
-The Settlements 25 Marker was word for word the same as the Catholic Trial which was great, so I'd already done it before. I did make up quite a few sources though so not sure if I can get 25 or 24.
All in all hoping for 90+ raw.