Memory... Atkinson-Shiffrin Model????

[bumble95]

hey..... does anyone have any easy way to remember how this works?
i can't find a good summary of it anywhere?!?!!?

any pictures/diagrams??

[CommanderElahi]

Brief summary in a diagram

[dzzhao]

Brief summary in a diagram

That's from the oxford book, and I can tell you that they have an error, there is no way semantic memory is a part of Procedural memory (implicit, tasks), even in the textbook they state that Declarative memories which are Explicit, are made up from Semantic and Episodic memories.. (Facts or understandings and events respectively)... whereas procedural is of tasks or 'how to' memories like riding a bike.

For the Atkinson's-Shiffrin model, it is great if you can make your own table by understanding what exactly the model is implying. (that memory is made up of 3 distinct systems that work simultaneously and function with eachother)

Know that memory is made up by encoding (giving it form/meaning to allow it to fit in your personal storage system), storage (storing it so we can use it later on) and retrieval (getting info back from memory so we can use it).

From this, Atkinson and Shiffrin imply in their model that memory is made up of 3 distinct systems, that work simultaneously and function with each other.

Sensory Register - memory of all the senses from our sense organs, basically an exact replica of the world, its raw info and if given attention it can be transferred to STM, otherwise its lost. SM is split up into iconic(visual info) and echoic (auditory info)memory. Capacity: Unlimited duration: iconic - 0.3 sec echoic - 3-4 sec
- Iconic 0.3 sec so what we see visually of the world can run smoothly (also proved by why in a flick book picture looks like they are moving), Echoic 3-4 seconds e.g. so we can process phrases.
- Info can bypass short-term store and go directly to LTS atkinson-shiffrin didn't explain why but it can occur.

If given attention it will go to Short-term store
- STM is like 'temporary working memory', where info can be manipulated to perform everyday functions (e.g. retrieval of procedural memories from LTM to walk and talk, remembering telephone numbers)
- Holds info we are consciously aware of at any point in time, and if the info is not rehearsed then it will be lost
- Holds approx 5-9 items (7+-2) duration of approx 30 seconds, unless rehearsal is used to get around the duration
- Holds info from SR and LTS,
-encoding is needed to transfer to LTS (through rehearsal, maintenance and elaborative)

Long term store - holds info relatively permanently in highly organised way, said to have unlimited capacity and duration, does NOT decay, rather if we find it difficult to retrieve info, its because at that time we failed to retrieve it be ineffective search strategies (e.g. wrong retrieval cues, or interference)

Summary:

-SR receives all raw info of the world from our sensory organs, if attention is paid, it can be transferred to short-term memory, if not lost
-STS can be encoded to LTS if not rehearsed then lost, and if need be retrieved from LTM (2-way street baby) \
-LTS holds all the info,

SR-->STS--><--LTS

KING.

[dzzhao]

Also forgot to say that there is alot of criticism upon the model as it was discovered quite early, it's basically a framework that has been built upon with extensive research since its release

Some benefits is that it lead the belief of memory of bein a single system to being compose of multiple systems
- provided a framework
- therefore improved upon by researchers

Criticisms
- believed all info flows through a single sensory register, however extensive research shows that it thee are multiple sensory registers (iconic and echoic) therefore we can refer to It as sensory memory
- described short term store to be a 'temporary working system', however extensiv research has shown tht thee are multiple stores located in the brain (e.g visual info in occipital)
- described rehearsal as always allowing processing into LTS, however maintenance rehearsal has been shown to not always allow encoding into LTS( e.g remembering coordinates of map on a melway)

KIIIiiiiiIiiiiiiiING

[Genericname2365]

Sensory Register - memory of all the senses from our sense organs, basically an exact replica of the world, its raw info and if given attention it can be transferred to STM, otherwise its lost. SM is split up into iconic(visual info) and echoic (auditory info)memory. Capacity: Unlimited duration: iconic - 0.3 sec echoic - 3-4 sec

Did you mean to say unlimited duration or unlimited capacity? The rest of your post is a good explanation but I'm guessing you don't mean "unlimited duration"; unlimited capacity would make more sense. (As IIRC, some psychologists believe sensory memory to have infinite capacity.)

[dzzhao]

Sensory Register - memory of all the senses from our sense organs, basically an exact replica of the world, its raw info and if given attention it can be transferred to STM, otherwise its lost. SM is split up into iconic(visual info) and echoic (auditory info)memory. Capacity: Unlimited duration: iconic - 0.3 sec echoic - 3-4 sec

Did you mean to say unlimited duration or unlimited capacity? The rest of your post is a good explanation but I'm guessing you don't mean "unlimited duration"; unlimited capacity would make more sense. (As IIRC, some psychologists believe sensory memory to have infinite capacity.)

nah, i meant Capacity: unlimited,... and duration is 0.3 for iconic and 3-4 for echoic

[Genericname2365]

nah, i meant Capacity: unlimited,... and duration is 0.3 for iconic and 3-4 for echoic

Ah ok the caps confused me