Fractional distillation

[Teen]

Can someone go through the theory for  fractional distillation.pls.

[amilss]

Ok so there's the fractioning column filled with glass beads. The beads provide additional surfaces for the gases to condense on and re-evaporate from the rising heat, which is essentially like doing 100 mini distillations in one. The sample goes inside the bottom of the column and has a heat source underneath to vapoarise the compounds in the sample. Obviously it will be coolest at the top of the column since its furthest away from the heat source, so it makes sense that the compound with the lowest boiling point would move up the column. As it moves through it loses heat and begins condensing again on the beads, but the continuing rising of more heated gases once again vaporise it (but tiny traces of impurities remain on the beads since the rising heat is not enough to vaporise it like it did from the bottom. This makes it high purity for each compound) Once a pure gas floats to the top it flows into a condenser tube surrounded by cold water or whatever to cool it to a liquid again and it is collected. The process is repeated to seperate all components with different boiling points.



I hope that made sense haha

[Teen]

Thanks

[aznxD]

In fractional distillation, are the fractions with a higher boiling point liquefied out first or the ones with a lower boiling point?

[thushan]

In fractional distillation, are the fractions with a higher boiling point liquefied out first or the ones with a lower boiling point?

lower first

[thushan]

Ok so there's the fractioning column filled with glass beads. The beads provide additional surfaces for the gases to condense on and re-evaporate from the rising heat, which is essentially like doing 100 mini distillations in one. The sample goes inside the bottom of the column and has a heat source underneath to vapoarise the compounds in the sample. Obviously it will be coolest at the top of the column since its furthest away from the heat source, so it makes sense that the compound with the lowest boiling point would move up the column. As it moves through it loses heat and begins condensing again on the beads, but the continuing rising of more heated gases once again vaporise it (but tiny traces of impurities remain on the beads since the rising heat is not enough to vaporise it like it did from the bottom. This makes it high purity for each compound) Once a pure gas floats to the top it flows into a condenser tube surrounded by cold water or whatever to cool it to a liquid again and it is collected. The process is repeated to seperate all components with different boiling points.



I hope that made sense haha

Might I add, VERY well explained!