Psychology

[sandrab]

Can someone please explain what primary and secondary appraisal is ? Also what emotion focused Coping is ? Thanks !!

[#J.Procrastinator]

Lazarus and Folkman's transactional model of stress and coping refers to two different types of appraisal of a situation; that is, primary appraisal and secondary appraisal.

1) Primary appraisal- we judge the IMPORTANCE of the situation. e.g you may ask questions to yourself such as "Do I have to deal with it?" or "Does this matter to me?"

2)Secondary appraisal- we evaluate our COPING OPTIONS and RESOURCES for dealing with the stressful situation. These coping options may be internal (e.g how determined you are or how strong you are...mentally, that is ) or external (e.g. money or support from family and friends). Basically, we look for ways to cope with the stressor because we can't escape stress responses.

Now, b/c we can't escape stress repsonses we NEED to find ways of coping with it. Hence, the proposal of a range of coping strategies. One such is emotion focused coping. This refers to efforts made to DECREASE the negative emotional responses produced by the stressor. Some emotion-focused coping strategies include denial (e.g. I'm not stressed, just tired), venting emotions (letting out how you fell such as "I'm extremely angry), or avoiding (e.g. "I'm not entering that spelling bee competition!"). It's basically a strategy to help contain your emotions that have been stimulated by the stressor.

Hope this helped!

[sandrab]

Lazarus and Folkman's transactional model of stress and coping refers to two different types of appraisal of a situation; that is, primary appraisal and secondary appraisal.

1) Primary appraisal- we judge the IMPORTANCE of the situation. e.g you may ask questions to yourself such as "Do I have to deal with it?" or "Does this matter to me?"

2)Secondary appraisal- we evaluate our COPING OPTIONS and RESOURCES for dealing with the stressful situation. These coping options may be internal (e.g how determined you are or how strong you are...mentally, that is ) or external (e.g. money or support from family and friends). Basically, we look for ways to cope with the stressor because we can't escape stress responses.

Now, b/c we can't escape stress repsonses we NEED to find ways of coping with it. Hence, the proposal of a range of coping strategies. One such is emotion focused coping. This refers to efforts made to DECREASE the negative emotional responses produced by the stressor. Some emotion-focused coping strategies include denial (e.g. I'm not stressed, just tired), venting emotions (letting out how you fell such as "I'm extremely angry), or avoiding (e.g. "I'm not entering that spelling bee competition!"). It's basically a strategy to help contain your emotions that have been stimulated by the stressor.

Hope this helped!

Yes thanks heaps man!!

[sandrab]

LMAO sorry I'm new to this ^

[sandrab]

Does the HPA axis activate before or after the fight flight response ? Thank you!

[#J.Procrastinator]

The HPA axis is activated DURING the fight or flight response when a threat is perceived.

[sandrab]

oh, see that makes more sense haha thank you so much

[#J.Procrastinator]

That's alright

[sandrab]

Is this paragraph okay for an essay ?

The socio-cultural aspects of stress include many. An individual’s environment, social and cultural factors all take part in the social-cultural aspect of stress. Environment factors such as loud noise, temperature, crowding, air pollution and natural disasters, all influence the individual’s stress response. Cultural factors regarding where one comes from, cultural beliefs and practices, can cause stress, such as immigrants having to adapt to the country's culture. The social factors such as relationships with others and social interaction can have an effect on an individual. An example of a socio-cultural aspect that can stress an individual could be their environment such as feeling crowded. An individual feeling crowded can be explained by them feeling their own ‘personal space’ is invaded.   

[hannah2013]

Does the HPA axis activate before or after the fight flight response ? Thank you!

The HPA axis is activated DURING the fight or flight response when a threat is perceived.

I have something different - that the HPA axis and fight or flight are different. The HPA axis is for more prolonged stressors (minutes) whereas fight or flight is instantaneous. Is this wrong

[sandrab]

Hannah I think that's wrong because their both activated regardless the time !

[sandrab]

So, theres a question asking to describe with examples the categorical and dimensional approach to classifying mental illness (essay worth 14 marks)
If i define both approaches, give examples for both and write their strenggthens and weaknesses, will that get me the full marks ?
Thanks in advance

[Damoz.G]

So, theres a question asking to describe with examples the categorical and dimensional approach to classifying mental illness (essay worth 14 marks)
If i define both approaches, give examples for both and write their strenggthens and weaknesses, will that get me the full marks ?
Thanks in advance

Could also talk about each approach too, in addition to defining them. But other than that, that should be fine. I wouldn't see what else you could add - May be one or 2 similarities and differences too?

[sandrab]

yeah true, good ideas, thank you !

[sandrab]

Individual participant differences, demand characteristics, placebo effects, experimenter effects, order effects.
Which are confounding and which are extraneous variables? Thanks!!