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VCE Psychology Question Thread!
Golgi Apparatus:
--- Quote from: yr12_vcestudent on January 30, 2022, 12:45:07 am ---can someone explain to me how standardised procedures help to eliminate extraneous variables pls :)
--- End quote ---
Standardised procedures basically involves treating every participant the same, regardless of whether they are in the control or experimental group. If each group is treated differently, there are two differences between the groups - the independent variable and the treatment of participants. Therefore, you don’t know if the results are due to the manipulation of the IV, or because of the different ways the groups were treated.
For example, someone is testing the effects of a breathing technique on the stress response when doing a test. The experimental group learns the breathing technique and the control group doesn’t, then both groups complete a test while their heart rate is measured to indicate their stress levels. However, the experimental group has a friendly instructor during the test, while the control group has a stern instructor. The experimental group shows lower average heart rate during the test. But is this because of the breathing technique, or is it because they had a nicer instructor who made them feel more relaxed? We don’t know - therefore the lack of standardised procedures means that the difference in instructors may be acting as a confounding variable. Standardised procedures in this case would mean having the same instructor for each group. This means the instructor has the same effect on the stress levels of each group and does not affect the results. Because the instructor is the same for each group, we know that differences in instructors cannot be causing the difference in results, so this is eliminated as an extraneous variable.
yr12_vcestudent :
Hi there!
i was wondering what is an example of spinal reflex.
Thanks for the help :)
strawberries101:
--- Quote from: yr12_vcestudent on February 27, 2022, 10:59:04 am ---Hi there!
i was wondering what is an example of spinal reflex.
Thanks for the help :)
--- End quote ---
Hey!
An example of spinal reflex would be your hand touching a hot plate and immediately withdrawing it involuntarily because spinal reflexes are involuntary movements. Same with closing your eyes suddenly when something comes towards your eye.
yr12_vcestudent :
Hi everyone :)
I have my psychology sac soon and i was wondering if anyone can please explain this key skills: use the lock and key process to explain the excitatory and inhibitory effects that glutamate and GABA have on the nervous system.
Thanks sm!
bw304:
--- Quote from: yr12_vcestudent on February 27, 2022, 08:43:07 pm ---Hi everyone :)
I have my psychology sac soon and i was wondering if anyone can please explain this key skills: use the lock and key process to explain the excitatory and inhibitory effects that glutamate and GABA have on the nervous system.
Thanks sm!
--- End quote ---
i did psych last year so i'll give this a go! basically, the lock and key model is an analogy used to describe neural transmission, and the process can be described as this:
In neural transmission, vesicles in the axon terminals of the pre-synaptic neuron release neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap/cleft. These neurotransmitters act as 'keys' which can only bind to specifically shaped, complementary receptors on the dendrites of the post-synaptic neuron, also known as 'locks.'
now regarding GABA and glutamate:
When the neurotransmitter glutamate binds to these receptors or 'locks', it has an excitatory effect, causing the post-synaptic to fire, thus stimulating a neural response. Conversely, when the neurotransmitter GABA binds to the receptors, it has an inhibitory effect, preventing the post-synpatic neuron from firing and thus inhibiting a neural response.
hopefully this helps!!
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