Didn't do Matrices so I'll have a go at the second one.
Ok, so intially:
Top path = 17 [starting critical path]
Middle path = 16
Bottom path = 14
Now we begin reducing activities on the critical path.
1] Reduce C by 1. [Now top = 16, middle = 16, bottom = 14]
2] Reduce C by 1. [Now top = 15, middle = 16, bottom = 14]
3] Reduce E by 1. [Now top = 15, middle = 15, bottom = 14]
4] Reduce E by 1. [Now top = 15, middle = 14, bottom = 14]
5] Reduce G by 1. [Now top = 14, middle = 14, bottom = 14]
We have now reached the stage where any further reducing of any activities will not reduce the total time taken, because no activity on the middle path [which is now equal to the critical path] can be reduced further. Thus, the minimum time is 14 weeks.
To answer these you've gotta reduce an activity by one then re-assess the critical paths then reduce another activity etc. etc. until you cannot any further.
Hope that helped.