In regards to Insight 2010

[sillysmile]

okay guys I would really appreciate your opinions for the following questions from Insight 2010.

MC
Question 44
Harlow (1949), following his research into learning, concluded that
A. learning set involves more complex cognitive activity than operant conditioning.
B. learning set is best described in terms of stimulus – response associations.
C. learning set can only be applied to monkeys.
D. monkeys are not capable of insightful behaviour.

not that any other answer is right, but could somebody please explain how the answer is A.


SA
Question 1
Karina and Phoebe went to the Royal Melbourne Show together. They went on all the rides and spent hours roaming around looking at the various attractions. Later, when they were discussing their day, Karina found that her memories were not necessarily the same as Phoebe’s in all respects. Using your knowledge of the information-processing model of memory, explain how the two girls could have slightly different memories of the same events.
2 marks

how would you have answered this?

Answer
Sensory memory is the entry point for sensory information such as the sounds and sights of the show. Only sensory memories that are attended to will be transferred to short-term memory and then stored in long-term memory. It is likely that the girls attended to different aspects of their day at the show and therefore stored different memories.
Mark allocation
• 1 mark for correctly identifying the three levels of memory in the information processing model (sensory, short-term and long-term).
• 1 mark for explaining that only sensory memories that are attended to will be stored in STM and then possibly transferred to LTM.



okay, the following paragraph is needed for the question I have the most trouble with.



A researcher, Doctor Young, interested in the incidence of post-natal depression in new mothers, conducted a study to determine whether parenting classes and counselling services would reduce depression and anxiety in the first 6 months after giving birth to their first child. Dr Young recruited participants by putting up posters in the ante-natal units of 10 urban and regional public hospitals across Victoria. Dr Young also placed advertisements in newspapers inviting first-time parents to take part in the study. Four hundred participants were recruited.
Prior to the study participants were provided with a complete written description of the study’s aims and methods and were asked to sign a consent form before taking part. Participants were also advised that they could withdraw from the study at any time.
Dr Young divided the participants into two groups of 200. Group 1 attended a series of parenting classes and was offered two counselling sessions. Group 2 did not receive counselling and did not attend the classes. When the mothers were followed up 6 months later, 18% of the counselling classes group reported experiencing symptoms of post-natal depression, while 37% of the no-treatment group reported symptoms.
The researcher set a significance level of 0.05 and the result was calculated as p < 0.05.
All participants were debriefed after the study.


Question 16
Was this sample randomly selected? Explain your answer.  (I'm pretty sure that somebody brought this same question up)

Solution
Yes. While every first-time mother within Victoria was not technically offered the opportunity, the sampling was very broad and was not biased.
(really??)



thank you

[Spreadbury]

harlow concluded that in learning how to learn the monkeys had acquired a general rule or problem solving strategy for responding correctly- but this "rule" was not just an ability to discriminate. he believed it was not a simple stimulus-response association or a generalisation
"Harlow believed the monkeys had learned a rule like 'if you find food under a particular object, choose the same object again, if you don't, switch to the other.'"

I would also say the sampling is random, but still biased as not every mother was given a chance to participate. it's not like she went to each room and said "ok you're in the study cause I think you'll be a good participant"

[sillysmile]

harlow concluded that in learning how to learn the monkeys had acquired a general rule or problem solving strategy for responding correctly- but this "rule" was not just an ability to discriminate. he believed it was not a simple stimulus-response association or a generalisation
"Harlow believed the monkeys had learned a rule like 'if you find food under a particular object, choose the same object again, if you don't, switch to the other.'"

oh okay.... haha, so it was not a stimulus and response association as operant conditioning is.
thanks that's quite clear

[sillysmile]

  help?

[dahnnyz]

karina and phoebe attended to different stimuli despite going on the same rides.
so in terms of the information processing model, no attention = no encoding storage retrieval?

[sillysmile]

karina and phoebe attended to different stimuli despite going on the same rides.
so in terms of the information processing model, no attention = no encoding storage retrieval?

that's similar to what I wrote too.

I will put the answer up there..

[sillysmile]

what about the last question?

[Spreadbury]

I tried to answer it in my first post:

I would also say the sampling is random, but still biased as not every mother was given a chance to participate. it's not like she went to each room and said "ok you're in the study cause I think you'll be a good participant"

[sillysmile]

I tried to answer it in my first post:

I would also say the sampling is random, but still biased as not every mother was given a chance to participate. it's not like she went to each room and said "ok you're in the study cause I think you'll be a good participant"

ah okay... hmmm..
makes sense.

[sillysmile]

thank you btw.

[jinny1]

i think as it is almost impossible and impractical to offer every single member of the population the opportunity..

so there are some idealisations involved in the sampling process...

[sillysmile]

i think as it is almost impossible and impractical to offer every single member of the population the opportunity..

so there are some idealisations involved in the sampling process...

true, but "every member of the population must have an = chance of be selected" has been drilled into my brain.

[jinny1]

true...maybe this is more convenience sampling than random??

the sample is biased because arent the participants considered as volunteers??

[sillysmile]

true...maybe this is more convenience sampling than random??

the sample is biased because arent the participants considered as volunteers??

that's what I wrote..

[jinny1]

haha we think alike...

u got the same 2009 exam score as me