Also interestingly, Asian countries seem to be behind musically. From what I understand Western styles of music (classical, pop, electronica) are imported into China, and not the other way around.
That said, today's young progenitors of classical music in Australia are generally Asian.
Inherent Asian musical talent, or overbearing parents?
You're affirming the consequent - just because Asian music isn't exported much doesn't mean that it's "behind". In terms of what you're saying, it's not even Western styles that are being imported into Asia - it's more just American (note, not Western - American) music that's getting big there. Ask someone in China/Japan if they know who AC/DC is, or Nightwish; in this case, it's nothing to do with culture, but more to do with the fact that rich American artists have the wealth and popularity to expand globally.
As somebody who dabbles a bit in C-Pop/J-Pop, Asian popular music tends to still differ in terms of construction - it's usually a lot more serene, and the lyrical content so forth is generally quite a bit different to that of Western stuff.
In terms of the Asian classical music issue, it's more to do with the fact that orchestral instruments have taken over the world. I'm not going to claim to be an expert on this issue (Ninwa, are you around?), but Asian music is based on pentatonics, whereas Western stuff has...more notes to play around with. The West isn't suddenly going to just reduce the notes it generally works with - it's more about Asian classical composers seeing a bunch of new styles which expand beyond what they're used to, and adapting towards them. Take this entire paragraph with a grain of salt (this is where I really have little to no idea, in all honesty), but at least for me, I can't see a culture as passionate as the West suddenly deciding to back down into the serenity of Asian classical music, which is all almost meditative.
@Asian musical talent, ask someone who knows, eg. Ninwa. Do note though that at the very least (and I know this as fact), the musical standard in places like Japan and China ****s all over Australia (and we like to value our musical scene...). Also, a lot of famous characters in the musical field nowadays (not just drilled kids who get technical skillz really quickly) are Asian, such as Lang Lang, Seiji Ozawa, etc.
They trade products commonly produced in their lands. That is, in a way, immersing themselves with each others culture. Silk is a cultural product of the land and is traded with other countries. When people trade, they also bring their language and culture with them. A lot of religious conversions occur through trade itself. If you look at South East Asia, countries there have strong Islamic and Hindu beliefs as well as traditions.
I don't really understand the rest of your post. :/
Basically, Buddhism era=era when China was still open to lots of interaction with other nations in a more open (lol overuse of the word open) way, and where stuff like Mongols invading (ie. international threats still mattering) was important. In this era, lots and lots of innovation and advancement.
Then China becomes all insular, sticks to itself, and only gets culture through trade. Meanwhile in Europe, nations such as England and France are having hissy fits at one another, forcing each others' nations to learn each others' languages, interact and understand each other through diplomacy, etc. See how this forces more cultural development, in comparison to a nation that is content to let some materials pass around, but which is otherwise happy to just sit back and lol?
Asian nations such as China were at the apex of the world technologically...
And now they're good for manufacturing and outsourcing Western-made products.
Also interestingly, Asian countries seem to be behind musically. From what I understand Western styles of music (classical, pop, electronica) are imported into China, and not the other way around.
That said, today's young progenitors of classical music in Australia are generally Asian.
Inherent Asian musical talent, or overbearing parents?
I get what you mean about western music styles being imported into Asia. I find a lot of C-Pop/K-Pop/J-Pop kinda similar to each other. But then again, I don't really listen to that type of music so I'm not one to say. I'm sure a lot of asian music fans would disagree.
K-Pop/J-Pop difference doesn't count - the two countries are close and share a lot of pop culture from what I hear. It'd be like comparing Australian and American music. C-Pop (China being the more insular big Asian nation) has its own distinct sound which is a bit more serene and ballady than the more upbeat K-Pop/J-Pop. It's like how very European music is often a lot more metal/bubblegum poppish, whereas the more mass-market American stuff sounds more electronic and technoish (or something like that).