VCE Stuff > VCE Geography
Stuff you need to know for geography
ben4386:
--- Quote from: Jelly on November 12, 2008, 01:27:54 pm ---environmentalists............ and farmers
--- End quote ---
got a location/name of a farmer or a conservation group, maybe a quote?
--- Quote --- I don't have many facts other than it costs $7m a year to dredge the mouth to prevent it blocking. Anyone got any further info for me and others thinking of using this as a conflict?
--- End quote ---
have u considered researching water inflows to the lower lakes and coorong, i.e. how much actually water actually flows to the coorong. Another good idea, albeit hard to find will be a comparison between years, say one year when there was plenty of water, and this year where theres shit all. See the effects on the local economy, the losses in potential revenue etc..
Jelly:
Yeah found it all.
Thanks.
ben4386:
Population
distribution of the worlds population and associated factors
This is where your SHEEPT factors come in more than ever.
You should be able to describe the worlds population, as either even or uneven (your choice), where most people are located and where most people are not, and the reasons why people are located somewhere are your sheept factors
Social- relates to standards of living, consider people wanting to live in a wealthier more affluent area with parks gardens etc..
Historical- someone might have a historical connection with a place and choose to live there, or it might have been history that developed a place, e.g. Ballarat and the gold rush.
Economical- relates strongly with social to give socio-economic factors, things related to money, people may choose to live in another area because of better pay etc..
Environmental/Physical- This is the number one i believe, people dont live in mountains due to transport and infrastructure issues, people dont live in the desert due to the hot climate with little rainfall, people live on the coast and along river deltas due to moderate climate and easy accessibility to water.
Political- One that comes to mind is the brazilian government who located brasilia city away from sao paulo to ease congestion, or perhaps the queen who elected ottawa as the capital of canada (i dont know how politcal this is, there aren't really "royal" factors i guess you could invent them tho)
Technological- A booming technology industry in Japan may attract people to live and work there.
There are plenty of other examples, these are just a guide.
Population change
The great thing about geography is everything leads on, so you have people distributed in an area but these distributions are always changing.
Why does a population change?
It can be related to 3 things
Births
Deaths
Migration (this one is always overlooked, but its a key one)
There is a key difference between developed and developing countries or (LEDC and MEDC ) in relation to births, deaths and migration
Births
Obviously natural births are a way for the population to increase, there are many factors as to why a birth rate may increase, look in your textbook
example- birth rate may be higher during the war and post war as people may feel the need to have more children to ensure that more survive into adulthood
Birth rates in developing countries are high as children are seen as an economic liability rather than an economic asset.
deaths
the rate at which deaths occur also can change the population, and this can happen for a variety of reasons (also in your book)
disease
famine
war
etc...
Migration
Ill spend a little time talking about this, migration is basically people moving from one country to another for a variety of reasons
Migration can be
Rural-Rural
Urban-Rural
Rural-Urban
Urban-Urban
There are basically 2 main reasons why people migrate and they are called Push/Pull factors
Push factors- are ones that push people away from their area/country
this may be
a lack of work
little opportunity
war and disease
lack of women or men
(there are plenty more use your common sense)
Pull Factors- are what draw people to a country
Lots of work
New opportunity
existing family in the country
A more affluent, wealthy society
better living conditions
Migration can be only push or pull factors or a combination of the two.
now migration can significantly change a population, look at Australia for example, if it hadn't have been for migration our population would have declined as our fertility rate is below replacement level
More on the Demographic Transition model, young and ageing populations and responses to come
ben4386:
demographic transition model
Stage 1- Birth rates around death rates but both are extremely high, not really much population growth, there are not many examples of countries like this in the world. The corresponding population pyramid is very pyramid shaped if not concave toward the bottom
Stage 2- Death rates start to decline as countries start to develop, this stage applies to most african countries (excluding those ravaged by aids and war) and many south american countries this decline in death rates usually corresponds to increase provision for medical care, less disease, fewer wars etc...,
Population pyramid looks like a pyramid
Stage 3- Birth rates start to decline, still modest population growth,death rates remain constant- primary example is brazil, where the country is well into development. This usually occurs as women work more and the country moves from a farming/agriculture based society into a service (e.g. doctors, lawyers, tradesmen provide services) society. Even though brazil still has a lot of farming its starting to move to this service kind of society
Population pyramid gets more box shaped
Stage 4- Death Rates and birth rates around the same, both low, this is indicative of most of the developed countries, (Australia, USA, Canada, England), women are more educated, children are an economic liability rather than an economic asset and as such the birth rates are low. There is no longer a real need to have children. Death rates remain low due to access to health care food and and clean water clean water is an excellent indication of the level of development of a country
Population pyramid, a fat bee hive
Stage 5- Death rates outstrip birth rates, countries of note include Germany, Russia, Italy, this is when the country is in the shit and they actually have a population decrease. This is what happens when the country is primarily a service one and theres no real incentive to have children. Theres plenty of data around about surveys of women in these countries and some of it is staggering, many women simply dont want to have children
Population pyramid, skinny bee hive
Limitations of this model (its only a model)
its only a model, each country is different
may not reflect actual course of events in a country
does not take into consideration migration
does not take into consideration epidemics/disease/war
how you are expected to apply your knowledge of population pyramids and DTM
you need to be able to recognize countries in stage 1-5 and you should also know a few off the top of your head, you should know factors that contribute to increases/decreases in birthrates and death rates because this could be tested.
Population pyramids, you should be able to read them and match them to a stage of the DTM. Furthermore you should be able to identify dents in age groups or bulges and what exactly they mean. They may mean war or that a young age group migrate etc... you should also use them to predict what may happen in future e.g. if the country has a young population it may be expected to continue to increase its population
Case studies
this is a global phenomenon so it affects a large part of the globe, you need responses to population problems at a variety of scales
Global- perhaps a UN meeting on population or a summit on aids/pandemics
National- have one for an ageing population (australia, italy, russian and most of europe) and one for a young population (most of africa, south america)
Local- municipality early years plan, or retirement plan, or shepparton? (i personally thing its done shit)
Avoid china (my opinion only) if you dont think you know it well enough, if you do china you must be exact and know every fact and figure, if you are slightly wrong the examiners will come down hard on you.
Im happy to answer questions related to Australia, Italy and Kenya ( i did these) but im not going to post a full case study.
global phenomena to follow later tonight or tomorrow
Jelly:
Like, thanks for all of this but don't you have your own exams to study for?
I'm not telling you to stop though
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