This was from last years study design
Hope it helps
Good luck with HHD!
Term Definition
Behavioural determinants Actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group
that impact on health, such as smoking, sexual activity,
participation in physical activity, eating practices.
Biological determinants Factors relating to the body that impact on health, such
as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure,
cholesterol levels, birth weight.
Biomedical model of health Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease
and illness. It is a medical model of care practised by
doctors and/or health professional and is associated with
the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease.
Burden of disease A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries,
specifically it measures the gap between current health
status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an
old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is
measured in a unit called the DALY.
Determinants of health ‘Factors that raise or lower a level of health in a population
or individual. Determinants of health help to explain
or predict trends in health and why some groups have
better or worse health than others.’ Determinants can be
classified in many ways such as biological, behavioural
and social. (AIHW, 2006).
Disability adjusted life year (DALY) A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one
year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time
lived with illness, disease or injury.
Food security ‘The state in which all persons obtain nutritionally
adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food regularly
through local non-emergency sources.’ (VicHealth, 2008)
Health ‘A complete state of physical, social and mental wellbeing,
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.’ (WHO,
1946)
Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy
at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor
health. It is the number of years in full health that a person
can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and
mortality.
Health status ‘An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into
account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount
of disability and levels of disease risk factors.’ (AIHW,
2008)
Human development Creating an environment in which people can develop
to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives
in accord with their needs and interests. It is about
expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities
(the range of things people can be and do), having access
to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and
participating in the life of their community and decisions
affecting their lives. (adapted from the UN Development
Programme, 1990)
Human Development Index A measurement of human development which combines
indicators of life expectancy, educational levels and
income. The Human Development Index provides a
single statistic which can be used as a reference for both
social and economic development. (UN Development
Programme, 1990)
Life expectancy ‘An indication of how long a person can expect live, it
is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a
particular age if death rates do not change.’ (AIHW, 2008)
Mental dimensions of health ‘State of well-being in which the individual realises his or
her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life,
can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a
contribution to his or her community.’ (WHO, 2009)
Morbidity ‘Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill
health in a population or group.’ (AIHW, 2008)
Mortality strata The WHO classifies countries into five mortality strata
based on the mortality rates of children under five years of
age and adults.
• Mortality strata A – very low child mortality and low
adult mortality.
• Mortality strata B – low child mortality and low adult
mortality.
• Mortality strata C – low child mortality and high adult
mortality.
• Mortality strata D – high child mortality and high adult
mortality.
• Mortality strata E – high child mortality and very high
adult mortality.
National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs) A collaborative initiative endorsed by the Commonwealth
and all State and Territory governments. The NHPA
initiative seeks to focus the health sector’s attention on
diseases or conditions that have a major impact on the
health of Australians. The NHPAs represent the disease
groups with the largest burden of disease and potential
costs (direct, indirect and intangible) to the Australian
community.
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion An approach to health development by the World Health
Organization which attempts to reduce inequalities in
health. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was
developed from the social model of health and defines
health promotion as ‘the process of enabling people to
increase control over, and to improve, their health’ (WHO
1998). The Ottawa Charter identifies three basic strategies
for health promotion which are enabling, mediating, and
advocacy.
Physical dimensions of health Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its
systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform
tasks and physical fitness.
Prevalence ‘The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease
or condition present in a population at a given time.’
(AIHW, 2008)
Social determinants Aspects of society and the social environment that impact
on health, such as poverty, early life experiences, social
networks and support.
Social development The increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in
relationships with other people.
Social dimensions of health Being able to interact with others and participate in the
community in both an independent and cooperative way.
Social model of health A conceptual framework within which improvements
in health and wellbeing are achieved by directing
effort towards addressing the social, economic and
environmental determinants of health. The model is based
on the understanding that in order for health gains to
occur, social, economic and environmental determinants
must be addressed.
Sustainability ‘Meeting the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.’
(UN, 1992)
Under-five mortality rate ‘The number of deaths of children under five years of age
per 1000 live births.’ (WHO, 2008)
Values that underpin Australia’s health system The values are effective, appropriate, efficient, responsive,
accessible, safe, continuous, capable, sustainable.
Youth Twelve to eighteen years of age; however, it should be
acknowledge that classifications for the stage of youth can
differ across agencies.
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