Thanks for the reply! So regarding Australia, I'm reading a lot on lower inflationary expectations and its correlation to why the RBA has eased the monetary policy in May 2016 or something to 1.75%, is this because they want to encourage consumption and investment through having lower borrowing costs because the lower inflationary expectations in a way has made the economy (household and all) more cautious with spending?
The RBA eases monetary policy in order to address forecasts of inflation. By easing the cash rate in the overnight money market, and via the transmission mechanism, they hope to lower interest rates across the entire economy (by encouraging the commericla banks to pass the cuts down to consumers). And one of the impacts of such is to encourage consumption (either by increasing disposable income or reducing the opportunity cost of spending now i.e. the intertemporal substitution effect) and investment (by reducing the costs of investment). The lower inflationary expectations has not really made households more cautious with spending, infact things are cheaper than ever now. The reason why inflation is so low is because world inflation is low, wage growth is weak, and also prices are dropping.
World inflation is weak partly because of slowing global demand, sluggish growth and also something interesting, currency wars!!!!!!!!!!