Ohmygod, you guys have literally described my exact situation from only a few weeks ago. I was studying "Good Night and Good Luck" too as my prescribed text and our lessons were essentially ALL centralised around the age of anxiety, the political contention between communism and capitalism, fear of dissent... blah blah blah - all of the shit that is associated with the McCarthyism era. We were told that we had to have a completed 1500 word creative draft handed in by the end of these holidays, so I was freaking the fuck out because I had little to no knowledge about anything but McCarthyism. Even my knowledge of that seemed pretty limited honestly - it seriously felt like all my teacher did was repeat the phrase 'age of anxiety' five hundred million times and nothing else lol. I thought the phenomenon was quite interesting, but honestly I felt like I needed to explore all my options first - as you said, the After the Bomb period is quite broad so there obviously was MUCH more beyond just McCarthyism - so I did my own research. First, I tried to find observations from the public from people who had lived during the cold war to establish the general sentiments from the ordinary individual. I probably looked through a hundred sources that entailed anecdotal experiences, in addition to reading excerpts from books published at the time. Then, I looked into the political/personal consensus on significant events that were characteristic of the time, such as both the erection and dismantling of the Berlin Wall, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the concept of Mutually Assured Destruction, the Gulags, the Petrov affair, the assassination of John F Kennedy, Los Alamos, death of Stalin, the Marshall plan, Rosenbergs, the Korean war... just to name a few. I even read through events that occurred before the period during the actual war itself. For example, I read through memoirs and anecdotes written by people who had first-hand experiences of the Dresden bombings in 1945. I did this so that I had more to work with, and so that I could generate my own ideas and beliefs about how these experiences of the war potentially contributed to the climate of anxiety that ensued. Honestly, it's quite fascinating to read about this stuff and I would happily spend hours per day just trying to consolidate my understanding - it didn't even feel like I was doing so under academic obligation. I didn't take any notes or anything though, just let the information sink in enough so that I was able to get a "taste" of each perspective/event.
In the end, I conceded that, however it would be done, I wanted to ultimately have a creative that critiqued the materialistic influence of capitalism on the psyche of the individual by contrasting it against the egalitarian principles that drove the sense of affinity which was prevalent in East Germany (and was much more prominent than what we have today). I wasn't sure how I'd go about it because my teacher didn't recommend addressing too many ideas, but I think I pulled it off okay. I wrote it with a paramount focus on reducing the brutality of the GDR regime to a personal level, rather than just the impersonal totalitarianism of the regime. I did this through the eyes of a young child by exploring the Stasi, which I used as a means to emphasise the anxiety and mistrust that permeated the environment as a result of arbitrary surveillance. These are just a few of the many ideas I grappled with, I still have a long way to go in the refining process hahah!
I think you'd really benefit by ensuring you have a comprehensive understanding of the specific event first! The way I achieved my "outline", was by picking a few concepts that I liked the most - capitalism vs communism; the Stasi; and the dismantling of the Berlin Wall. Then, I fleshed out these ideas into extreme specifics so that I could develop possible links with eachother in order to achieve a seamless, plausible storyline. I had probably 3 or so propositions, and I ended up integrating one of them into my response. During the actual writing process, I played around with the structure intensely and even my storyline changed a bit. Initially I was doing something about the Gulags and the Siberian concentration camps/death marches and I had written 700 words written in that regard before I completely ditched it for this one lol. Seriously though, I spent exponentially more time researching than writing the piece itself. I'd recommend "After the Wall" by Jana Hensel, it's a fairly quick read but provides quite an insight from the lens of a girl who grew up during the instability of East Germany. In particular, its examination of the cultural effects of the fall of communism and the transfer toward West German customs places great emphasis on the difficulties that the East population had assimilating - which I thought was incredibly interesting. Just immerse yourself in the time period honestly, you can't really go wrong with that.
My teacher is completely useless too though, don't worry haha! I hope you guys make some progress soon
Just start researching, you'll be hung up on nitty gritty details before you know it lol