The scores are available on the VASS system on the Sunday (VCAA scores at least, I don't know about VTAC). The scaling report is even usually out before results. I have no idea if the teachers look at them or not, I know that they aren't allowed to tell students their results until they are formally released. It makes sense, relatively, it's probably all in the aim of ensuring that students can access their results on time and that students will able to get their physical Victorian Certificate of Education on the day after results (which are handed out by the schools), which means that the schools would have to be notified that the students passed as well.
Note: this has not been verbally confirmed to me by anyone at my old school or the VCAA itself. I only saw a paper in the coordinators office detailing that the results were in the system last year as of the Sunday before results day.