Can someone please explain what exactly happens in protein synthesis? (Like the RNA, transcription stuff)
I'll try to cover as much as I can (in a VCE level obviously)
1. Transcription: when a gene becomes active, it will make a "mobile" copy of its genetic instructions that can transfer to the ribosome, since it cannot leave the nucleus. This genetic copy take form of RNA.
RNA polymerase unzips DNA, this enzyme (RNA polymerase) collects free RNA nucleotides that can complementary pair with the DNA template strand. A three base sequence of DNA is called "triplet", a three base sequence mRNA is called a "codon" and a three base sequence tRNA is an "anticodon", all of these 3 base sequence codes for an amino acid.
2. Translation: this is where the synthesis of protein start to take place, everything is determined by the codon of mRNA. Ribosomes will attach to mRA and start translation. Firstly, each codon on mRNA is translated by the process where tRNA carries a complementary amino acid (i.e anticodon) to fit the codon of mRNA and make sure we obtain an exact amino acid sequence. Codon and anticodon pair using H-bond, and the polypeptide starts to grow from peptide bond. After this tRNA that carries a specific amino acid finish its mission, it will be released back and again can be used to supply the same type of amino acid over again. Finally, in order for translation to stop, a protein molecule, called release factor will occupy the codon site, create a "stop codon", also the bond between the last amino acid and the last tRNA is broken, release a free polypeptide. the ribosomal subunit ultimately break free the mRNA.
Still confused, try this video which contains more detailed and visual explanation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNl1z6Lev1E Hope this helps!