Question:
Define Classical Conditioning, and provide an example of it.
Classical Conditioning:
A process of learning based on the repeated association between two stimuli that is said to have occurred when a particular stimulus consistently produces a response that it did not previously produce.
Example: Pavlovs Experiment
Before Conditioning: (UCS) Food leads the dog to start salivating
(UCR)(NS) Bell doesn't cause the dog to produce any response
During Conditioning (Acquisition): (NS) Bell and
(UCS) Food are repeatedly associated and in turn, the dog still salivates
(UCR)*Must be noted that the UCS is to be presented 3-5 seconds after the neutral stimulus has been presented during the acquisition stage, for classical conditioning to work.
After Conditioning:The
(CS) Bell leads to the dog salivating
(CR) Glossary/Key: Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Any stimulus that consistently produces a particular automatic/reflexive response. It elicits the UCR without any conditioning.
Unconditioned Response(UCR): A response that occurs automatically when the UCS is presented. The UCR is a reflexive response and one that does not require conditioning.
Neutral Stimulus(NS): A stimulus which does not elicit a UCR, it is one that needs to be conditioned for it to produce a response. (Also becomes the conditioned stimulus later on)
Conditioned Stimulus(CS): Was initially the NS, but after conditioning has taken place it produces the CR.
Conditioned Response (CR): A behaviour that is identical to the UCR, but is caused by the conditioned stimulus instead of the UCS. Only occurs after conditioned has taken place.
Question: How is something stored in long term memory (LTM)