It's ages before you'll have to study Unit 4, AOS 1, but some details so you're aware of what's going on (especially as your textbooks will have MDGs if they're second hand).
As I mentioned
before, the Millennium Development Goals are changing to the
SDGs. All questions you read about the MDGs are OUT. Don't learn that content.
Key Knowledge: the UNs Sustainable Development Goals (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 16) and reasons why they are important.Kudos to whoever can come up with a mnemonic for the beautiful NZGQGCDP
For each SDG, you'll have to know:
- name + number
- description (what it's all about; similar to 'purpose' for the MDGs)
- reasons why it's important - why do we need it?
- its impact on global health and sustainable human development
So here are some notes I threw together - literally, threw; they're not concise and they're not beautiful, and I'm going to refine them substantially for my own notes, but this should be a decent starting point.
In these notes,
description is a significantly summarised version of the targets (try reading the originals, they're hideous!);
brief description is a summarised version of description, obviously with lots of details cut out, to give you the gist;
reasons/importance involves starting thoughts on why we need the goals, why we chose those goals, and how they'll impact our health and human development. You'll need to supply impact on global health and sustainable human development, which should be easy after you've learnt other content in Unit 4 AOS 1.
1. No povertyDescription Eradicate extreme poverty (less than $1.25/day)
Ensure that everyone has equal rights to economic and natural resources, property ownership, inheritance, technology and financial services
Build resilience of poor/vulnerable to reduce their vulnerability to economic, social and environmental disasters
Build social security systems
Brief descriptionEradicate extreme poverty (less than $1.25/day), build social security and resilience of poor/vulnerable, and give everyone equal rights to all resources.
Reasons/importanceThose in poverty lack access to basic human needs. Less healthcare, nutrition and sanitation increases spread of disease and mortality. Less education means people are less likely to be able to achieve HD as theyre less likely to develop to their full potential and live productive and creative lives.
2. Zero hungerDescription End hunger, ensuring all (especially the poor, vulnerable and infants) have safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round
End malnutrition, especially among children under 5, girls, pregnant women, and older people
Double agricultural productivity and income of small-scale food producers
Develop sustainable agricultural practices that increase productivity, improve soil quality, and help adapt to climate change and natural disasters
Brief descriptionEnd hunger and malnutrition, ensuring all have sufficient nutritious food all year round. Increase productivity of small-scale food producers and develop sustainable agricultural practices.
Reasons/importance Poor nutrition causes nearly half the deaths in children under five
Malnutrition weakens the immune system, raising BOD
Productivity and food security can be significantly increased through improved agricultural practices
Malnourished people are less able to go to school, develop to their full potential and lead productive/creative lives
3. Good health and wellbeingDescription Reduce maternal mortality rate
End preventable deaths of infants and children under 5
End epidemics of AIDS, TB, malaria, and tropical disease
Combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases
Reduce premature mortality from NCDs
Reduce BOD from air/water/soil pollution
Halve deaths/injuries from road traffic accidents
Promote mental wellbeing
Achieve universal health coverage (give all access to quality, affordable essential healthcare services, medications and vaccines)
Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services
Reduce substance abuse
Strengthen implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Develop the health workforce and increase health financing
Brief descriptionReduce the maternal and child mortality rates, and BOD from communicable disease (Aids, TB, malaria, hep, water-borne), road accidents and NCDs. Achieve universal health coverage.
Reasons/importance Child and maternal mortality rates and mortality from communicable and non-communicable diseases are very high, especially in developing countries, which lowers their LE
Mortality is often easily preventable (through nutrition, safe water, hygiene and sanitation, immunisation, skilled birth attendants, lifestyle changes, etc.)
Sickness or caring for the sick decreases family income and economic growth
Sick skilled personnel (teachers, doctors) cant contribute to the communitys H&HD
4. Quality educationDescription Ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality pre-primary, primary and secondary education
Ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical/vocational/tertiary education, especially the vulnerable
Increase number of people with relevant skills for decent employment and entrepreneurship
Eliminate gender disparities in education
Ensure that all youth and many adults (males and females) achieve literacy and numeracy
Teach knowledge/skills that promote sustainable development, like sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality and non-violence
Improve education facilities to provide inclusive and effective learning environments for all (including children, disabled and females)
Make more higher education scholarships available to developing countries
Increase supply of qualified teachers
Brief descriptionEnsure that all complete free primary and secondary education, and are able to access higher education. Eliminate gender disparity in education and increase literacy and numeracy rates. Increase scholarships and qualified teachers and improve education facilities.
Reasons/importance Many people in developing countries, especially girls, cant access primary, secondary and/or tertiary education and training
Illiteracy and lack of access to knowledge and skills decreases employment options and economic growth, reducing the money the government can spend on healthcare, education and social security systems
Uneducated people have a lower standard of living (less access to nutrition, safe water and sanitation, healthcare, and education of children) and are less able develop to their full potential and make positive choices
Educated people are able to gain knowledge about health-promoting behaviours (e.g. condoms, nutrition, accessing healthcare)
Educated girls are likely to have fewer children later, reducing maternal and infant mortality
Educated girls are likely to seek pre-natal care, immunise their children, use sanitation and hygiene, and feed their infants better, reducing under-five mortality
5. Gender equalityDescription End all discrimination, violence and harmful practices (e.g. early/forced marriage, female genital mutation) against all females
Give women equal opportunities to participate in leadership at all levels
Give women equal rights to economic and natural resources, property ownership and inheritance, and financial services
Value unpaid/domestic work and promote shared responsibility in the family
Ensure universal access to sexual/reproductive health and reproductive rights
Use more enabling technologies (information and communication technologies) to empower women
Strengthen policies/legislation at all levels to promote gender equality and empower women
Brief descriptionEnd discrimination, harmful practices and violence towards females. Give women equal rights to leadership, resources and ownership. Value unpaid domestic work and ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health.
Reasons/importance Women in developing countries may have limited access to education, equality, community participation, and choice.
These women may be disempowered and trapped in a poverty cycle as they dont have necessary skills to find paid employment.
This decreases their earning capacity (less economic growth, families unable to access healthcare, nutrition and education).
Female literacy increases likelihood of understanding health promotion messages (like immunisation, nutrition and sanitation), reducing maternal/infant/U5 mortality rates.
6. Clean water and sanitationDescription Achieve equitable and affordable access to safe drinking water for all, substantially reducing number of people facing water scarcity
Achieve equitable access to adequate sanitation for all (especially females and vulnerable)
End open defecation
Improve water quality (reduce pollution and dumping of elimination/hazardous materials)
Reduce untreated waste water increase safe reuse
Increase efficiency of water-use across all sectors
Improve technologies (like water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, and recycling technologies) in developing countries
Brief descriptionAchieve equitable access to safe drinking water and sanitation for all. Improve water quality and efficiency of water use to reduce water scarcity.
Reasons/importance Poor sanitation and safe water increases waterborne diseases, increasing mortality rates (especially under five)
People with waterborne diseases cant go to school or work, decreasing income, standard of living, and ability to lead productive and creative lives
Limited water reduces crop output, leading to malnutrition and related mortality, and reducing income
8. Decent work and economic growthDescription Sustain economic growth (annually increase GDP by 7% in least developed countries)
Increase economic productivity through innovation and upgrading technology
Build policies that support productive activities, job creation, entrepreneurship, innovation, and growth of small enterprises
Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men (incl. young people and disabled)
Achieve equal pay for work of equal value
Reduce proportion of youth not in employment or education
Eradicate slavery, human trafficking and child labour
Promote safe and secure working environments for all (especially migrant workers and women)
Promote tourism (which creates jobs and promotes local culture/products)
Increase access to banking, insurance and financial services for all
Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries
Improve resource efficiency in consumption and production (so that economic growth doesnt lead to environmental degradation)
Brief descriptionPromote economic productivity/growth, innovation, job creation and tourism. Achieve productive and decent employment for all women and men. Promote safe working environments and eradicate slavery and child labour. Increase access to financial services.
Reasons/importance Low GDP means the government cant spend money on providing healthcare, education, social security, safe water and sanitation
Those without full decent employment cant afford healthcare, education, safe water, sanitation and adequate nutrition
More healthcare access reduces overall mortality and morbidity (especially under-five and maternal mortality)
More access to education expands peoples choices and capabilities, helping them develop to their full potential and live productive and creative lives
Improved water and sanitation increases mortality from water-borne diseases, especially under-five
16. Peace, justice and strong institutionsDescription Reduce violence everywhere
End abuse, exploitation and trafficking of children
Ensure equal access to justice for all
Combat the black market and organised crime
Reduce bribery and corruption
Develop accountable and transparent institutions at all levels
Promote democracy (responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making)
Help developing countries participate more in global governance
Provide legal identity and birth registration for all
Strengthen institutions to combat violence, terrorism and crime
Brief descriptionReduce violence, child abuse, crime, terrorism, bribery and corruption. Increase participation in decision-making and governance. Provide legal identity for all.
Reasons/importance Violence and abuse increases mortality, morbidity and mental health issues
Corruption prevents the poor from accessing basic needs like education, healthcare, social security and employment
Corruption, violence and dictatorships can lead to conflict (which can destroy infrastructure and crops and increase BOD from injury)
Stable productive governments promote trade and economic growth and provide stability, education, infrastructure and healthcare.
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