Okay, so i have my 3rd Biology SAC coming up (a week from now) and my teacher noted that we had to learn:
- Photosynthesis general chemical equation
Light dependent reaction – reactants and products
Light independent reaction –reactants and products
- Respiration general equation
Aerobic cellular respiration
Glycolysis- location, reactants and products
Kreb’s Cycle- location, reactants and products
Electron transport Chain – location, reactants and products
Would anyone be kind enough to answer each of the above for me? I'm fine with the general equations but the reactants/products of Krebs Cycle and Electron transport chain etc.... i'm a bit confused with.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis general chemical equation:
12H2O+6CO2--->C6H12O6+6H2O+6O2
Light dependent reaction (location: thylakoid membrane)
reactants: H2O, NADP+, ADP
*Photons provide energy*
products: O2 (waste), NADPH, ATP
Light independent reaction/calvin cycle/dark reaction (location: stroma)
reactants: NADPH, ATP, CO2
(Process complex-RuBP and CO2 (under rubisco catalysis)= unstable 6 carbon intermediate, PGA, PGAL+ATP=BPGAL, BGAL+NADPH=G3P/PGAL, some PGAL is used to create glucose but most combines with ATP to reform RuBP. Process simple- 5-carbon molecule combines with 1-carbon CO2 to form a 6-carbon unstable intermediate. This intermediate splits into two 3-carbon molecules. These 3-carbon molecules, with the oxidation of ATP and NADPH, form G3P(PGAL) a 3-carbon molecule used to create glucose. Some G3P is used, but most turns back into RuBP with ATP oxidation)
products: G3P (Glucose), NADP+, ADP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Respiration general equation:
C6H12O6+6O2--->6H2O+6CO2+36-38 ATP
Anaerobic respiration:
Glycolysis (location: cytoplasm)
reactants: 2ATP, Glucose molecule, 4ADP+Pi, 2NAD+
10-step process. Requires ATP to 'activate' the reaction.
products:
4ATP (
NET ATP=2 ATP), 2NADH, 2 pyruvates (pyruvic acid)
Without oxygen present, pyruvate undergoes fermentation whereby it is reduced into lactate in humans. NADH undergoes oxidation in the process to form NAD+. This NAD+ is then used in glycolysis to assist in forming ATP. Anaerobic respiration happens more quickly than aerobic respiration, but yields less ATP.
Aerobic respiration:
Pyruvate oxidation (location: mitochondrial matrix)
reactants: 2 pyruvates, 2NAD+, 2coenzyme A
products: 2Acetyl CoA, 2NADH, 2CO2
(one of everything for each pyruvate)
Acetyl CoA is the molecule used in the citric acid cycle. The breakdown of fats and amino acids can also generate acetyl CoA.
Kreb’s Cycle/Citric acid cycle (location: mitochondrial matrix)
reactants: 2Acetyl CoA, 6NAD+, 2FAD, 2ADP+Pi
products: 4CO2, 6NADH, 2ATP, 2FADH2
*Note: the Kreb's cycle doesn't actually use O2 BUT REQUIRES it to work because it happens simultaneously with the ETC, therefore requiring the NAD+, FAD and ADP+Pi from the ETC to function.
Electron transport Chain (location: mitochondrial cristae)
reactants: 10NADH, 32-34 ADP+Pi, 2FADH2, 6O2
products: 32-34 ATP, 10NAD+, 2FAD, 6H2O
THIS MIGHT NOT BE 100% CORRECT (numbers wise)! But, I hope this helps
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