a range of tactics for effective change management including low-risk, such as communication and support, and high-risk, such as manipulation and threat;
Low-risk tactics
Communication: managers need to communicate the changes making sure that all stakeholders are aware of the process that will be undertaken
Participation: commitment to the change can be obtained by involving employees in the change process.
Support: people in the organisation must be helped through the change process.
Negotiation: this tactic involves looking at the potential resistors and offering them incentives in return for their support, or sometimes, their silence.
High-risk tactics
Manipulation: management attempts to influence the employees views by the selective use of facts and interpretation of events
Threat: management makes direct threat against those who resist the change. Possible threats include retrenchment, transfer, loss of promotion, demotion or a poor employment reference.