8 ) We can find the area under the curve from x = -a to x = a
(0.5a)a - (0.5)(0.5a)a = a^2)
Essentially, the left hand side (the sloped line) of the function is cancelled out, because if you think about it, the average value in this region is 0!
Recall the average value is the value of y which forms a rectangle from x = -a to x = a, and the area of that rectangle is equivalent to the net signed area of f from x = -a to x = a.
So the average value can be given by y in:
Solving for y gives us the average value of a/2.
You can also set up a hybrid function and use the average value formula (as Syndicate has said)
 \space dx)
11) Let X = number of blue marbles. We want:
}=\Pr{(\hat{P}=\frac{3}{4})}+\Pr{(\hat{P}=\frac{4}{4})})
As per sampling from a
small population, we can write
}+\Pr{(\hat{P}=\frac{4}{4})}=\frac{\binom{5}{3}\binom{4}{1}}{\binom{9}{4}}+\frac{\binom{5}{4}\binom{4}{0}}{\binom{9}{4}})
Which should give you option C.