ok, here are some quickly produced answers
1a TMS
1b peak 1 OH
peak 2 CH2
peak 3 CH3
1c ratio of peak heights corresponds to the ratio of number of protons
2 the closer the proton in to the electronegative O the further downfield it shifts
peak at ~5.8 singlet, OH proton shielded by O => no splitting
peak at ~3.7 quartet, 3 equivalent neighbours (CH3) => n+1 = 4
peak at ~1.2 triplet, 2 equivalent neighbours (CH2) => n+1 = 3
3 on CD
4a because it has a single charged, spinning proton which creates its own tiny magnetic field
4b resonance frequency energy falls within the radiowave frequency range => proton can absorb the right amount of energy to spin flip
4c because nearby electrons can shield the effect of the external magnetic field
4d so that the solvent doesn't produce any peaks that could interfere with the sample you are testing
4e because of its prevalence in organic compounds and that >99% of H is 1H
5a beacuse if a protein can't be crystallised its structure can be determined by NMR
5b Iron is itself magnetic => will interfere with the technique