Integration by parts is a technique used when you have a product of a simple function and a difficult function.
For example, we can use integration by parts in order to antidifferentiate
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Remember our Product Rule:
If

Then:

So essentially:
 - v\frac{du}{dx})
Taking the integral of both sides, we will have

Ok, so how does this help us solve the problem of integrating
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Well, what we can do is say let

and
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So essentially, we can see that
dx})
So it's easy enough now for us to be able to see now that
dx} = u.v - \int{vu'dx})
Which we can easily use a substitution and figure out using basic integration
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and
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Finishing off:
dx} = -xcos(x) - \int{ -cos (x)dx} = sin(x) -xcos(x) +C )
You won't need to be able to do that in Specialist Maths, but anyways, that's just a basic example of how integration by parts works.