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November 01, 2025, 11:34:39 am

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lzxnl

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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1275 on: August 31, 2013, 10:38:26 pm »
+1
Water self ionises according to the equation H2O(l)+H2O(l) (forward and back arrow) OH-(aq) + H3O+(aq) enthalpy +57 kJ mol -1. At 25 degrees the pH of pure water is 7.00. at 35 degree the pH of pure water is:

answer is less than 7 because the reation has shifted to the right; however, the solution is still neutral.

What I don't get: well if the pH is decreasing with the increase in temperature how can the solution still be neutral? If the solution is less than 7 wouldn't the H30 concentration be higher than the OH? How can it be neutral? :-/

[H+]*[OH-] = Kw
For a neutral solution, [H+]=[OH-]
Now, it is known that the enthalpy change is positive for the forward reaction. Therefore increasing temperatures increase the equilibrium constant. Therefore, as temperature increases, Kw increases and so H+ and OH- both increase by the same amount due to the stoichiometry of the reaction. pH is just a measure of the concentration of H+, not OH-. As [H+] increases, so does [OH-]. The pH decreases while the solution remains neutral.
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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1276 on: September 01, 2013, 10:59:51 am »
0
Is there any way molecular iodine can be soluble in water? For my Chemistry SAC I put down that it was aqueous because I couldn't see any solids in the solution and went against the solid state provided in the electrochemical series. lol It was in solution with potassium iodide, which I found out makes iodine soluble in water by converting it to an ionic form, but I'm guessing I'm still wrong. :P Oh well, my bad. XD
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thushan

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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1277 on: September 01, 2013, 11:50:14 am »
+1
Is there any way molecular iodine can be soluble in water? For my Chemistry SAC I put down that it was aqueous because I couldn't see any solids in the solution and went against the solid state provided in the electrochemical series. lol It was in solution with potassium iodide, which I found out makes iodine soluble in water by converting it to an ionic form, but I'm guessing I'm still wrong. :P Oh well, my bad. XD

Ah, one of those technicalities. You're not expected to know about the I3- ion. I'd mark it correct if I were the teacher.
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Stick

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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1278 on: September 01, 2013, 11:52:49 am »
0
Here's hoping that's the case, or else I'm in for quite a bit of trouble. :P
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lzxnl

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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1279 on: September 01, 2013, 12:07:40 pm »
+1
I can only answer from prior knowledge learnt in physics about nuclear power plants.
The answer (i think) is A.
I'd suggest doing some research or asking someone on the physics board who probably knows more than me but the gist of it is (using Uranium as an example) you bombard the Uranium sample with neutrons making the atom unstable and so it breaks into two smaller (daughter) nuclei and releases energy in the process. This way of creating power used in nuclear power plants is nuclear fission whereas fusing atoms together and releasing energy is nuclear fusion.
Hopefully if I'm wrong someone will clarify, but that's all I would think you'd need to know

In an atom, there are two main types of forces; the electrostatic force between protons acting to tear the nucleus apart, and the aptly named "strong" nuclear force, which is a very close-range force that acts between nucleons (protons and neutrons) to hold the nucleus together. It is a close range force in that its strength drops off faster than 1/r^2 like the electrostatic force. If your atom is too large, then the strong nuclear force acting on nucleons at the opposite ends of the atom start to weaken. However, the addition of more protons only increases the repulsive force. Eventually, the strong nuclear force isn't strong enough to keep the atom together as the atom is too large; the repulsions between the protons on opposite sides of the nucleus become too great. That's why there is an upper limit to the size of stable nuclei.
Now, if you have a tiny nucleus, you don't have many nucleons to provide the strong force. Let's look at hydrogen. In the sun, when hydrogen undergoes nuclear fusion, the high temperatures allow the hydrogen nuclei (the massive temperatures strip atoms of their electrons) to overcome the electrostatic repulsions for the strong force to act, and the two protons fuse. Immediately, one of the protons decays into a neutron as the magnitude of the strong force between a proton and neutron is the same for two protons, but the neutron doesn't repel the proton. Here, the atom has increased in size, but as the strength of the strong force is just so large at such small atomic radii, energy is released. In massive stars, more and more massive nuclei are fused eventually to form iron, all relying on the principle that the strength of the strong force means fusing nuclei released energy. Suddenly, with iron, we've reached the maximum energy per nucleon. For a nucleus larger than iron's, the strong force starts to weaken at the edges of the atom as I've mentioned above. As the nucleus gets larger and larger, the strong force continues to weaken. Therefore, with a massive nucleus like uranium, splitting the nucleus up releases energy because the lower number of nucleons to hold the nucleus together is more than balanced by the reduction of the electrostatic repulsions and the reduction in atomic size, which leads to an increase in the strength of the strong force. This (from my understanding) is why energy is released when uranium is bombarded by neutrons.

Is there any way molecular iodine can be soluble in water? For my Chemistry SAC I put down that it was aqueous because I couldn't see any solids in the solution and went against the solid state provided in the electrochemical series. lol It was in solution with potassium iodide, which I found out makes iodine soluble in water by converting it to an ionic form, but I'm guessing I'm still wrong. :P Oh well, my bad. XD

Yay triiodide ion. It's a pity VCE doesn't show us much. If you can't see the solid, what else can you say? That it's a solid? Your teacher would have a tough time putting up a case against what you've written.
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clıppy

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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1280 on: September 01, 2013, 02:50:10 pm »
0
Can someone just check this so I know I have it right.
To convert kJ/g into kJ/mol, multiply by g/mol
To convert kJ/mol into kJ/g, divide by g/mol

On that same note: When doing multiple choice questions about how much energy is released by x g of a substance when you know 1 mol of the same substance produces y kJ of energy, is there a quicker way to solving them using the conversions above?
« Last Edit: September 01, 2013, 02:54:21 pm by clippy »
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lzxnl

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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1281 on: September 01, 2013, 03:04:02 pm »
+2
Can someone just check this so I know I have it right.
To convert kJ/g into kJ/mol, multiply by g/mol
To convert kJ/mol into kJ/g, divide by g/mol

On that same note: When doing multiple choice questions about how much energy is released by x g of a substance when you know 1 mol of the same substance produces y kJ of energy, is there a quicker way to solving them using the conversions above?

Check the units.
kJ/g * g/mol => grams cancel, kJ/mol
kJ/mol / g/mol => kJ/mol * mol/g => mol cancels, kJ/g
This is legit.
So let's say you have the combustion of ethanol, the enthalpy of which is -1364 kJ/mol. You know that the molar mass of ethanol is 46 g/mol, so the enthalpy per gram is simply -1364/46 kJ/g
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clıppy

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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1282 on: September 01, 2013, 08:32:21 pm »
0
Quote
1.00L of each gas at STP would correspond to the same number of moles of substance (since n(gas) = volume / molar volume)
The question was asking to find which reaction releases more energy given 1L at STP and had this as part of the answer, can someone explain it to me?
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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1283 on: September 01, 2013, 08:40:29 pm »
+2
The question was asking to find which reaction releases more energy given 1L at STP and had this as part of the answer, can someone explain it to me?
We're assuming they're all behaving as ideal gases, so 1L at STP will have the same amount in moles of each type gas. eg. 1L of oxygen and 1L of nitrogen have the same amount of gas particles in mole, assuming pressure, temperature are constant.
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clıppy

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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1284 on: September 01, 2013, 09:32:11 pm »
0
In regards to calibration curves for calorimeters, what would be the differences in the graphs of:
A well insulated calorimeter with 100mL of water
A well insulated calorimeter with 50mL of water
A poorly insulated calorimeter with 100mL of water

I'm sorry I don't have an example question, I just saw a question like it somewhere and can't wrap my head around the differences in the graphs.
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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1285 on: September 01, 2013, 09:54:36 pm »
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Hey I was hoping someone could help me out with these questions too (sorry that theres so many haha):

1) Two pure solutions of ethanol and ethanoic acid have lost their labels. The most appropriate instrumental analysis to use to distinguish and determine the concerntrations of the organic molecules is:
A) GC
B) 1H NMR spectroscopy
C) IR Spectroscopy
D) AAS

The answer is A) gas chromatography and I chose C) IR Spectroscopy :( I think I always just assume that if there is a functional group and its organic then you can use infrared. Why is this not the case? In what types of questions do we use infrared?

2) A sample of commercial ammonia has a label claim of 5.0% w/v concentration of NH4OH. This concentration could NOT be expressed as:
A) 1.4 mol/L
B) 5.0 x 10^4 mg/L
C) 50 g/L
D) 5.0 x 10^3 microgram/L


The answer is D and I just don't understand how to work it out

3) An organic compound consisting only of carbon and bromine contains 7% carbon by mass. A possible molecular formula is:
A) CBr2
B) CBr4
C) C2Br2
D) C2Br4

Answer is D and I got A. Its been too long since I did unit 3 haha :(

Thanks in advance!




psyxwar

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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1286 on: September 01, 2013, 10:11:42 pm »
+1
3) An organic compound consisting only of carbon and bromine contains 7% carbon by mass. A possible molecular formula is:
A) CBr2
B) CBr4
C) C2Br2
D) C2Br4

Answer is D and I got A. Its been too long since I did unit 3 haha :(

Thanks in advance!
CBr2 and C2Br4 are both right, ratio wise, but CBr2 doesn't exist so its D. (carbon forms 4 bonds, bromine can only form single bonds so its impossible)
« Last Edit: September 01, 2013, 10:15:24 pm by psyxwar »
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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1287 on: September 01, 2013, 10:15:51 pm »
+1
Hey I was hoping someone could help me out with these questions too (sorry that theres so many haha):

1) Two pure solutions of ethanol and ethanoic acid have lost their labels. The most appropriate instrumental analysis to use to distinguish and determine the concerntrations of the organic molecules is:
A) GC
B) 1H NMR spectroscopy
C) IR Spectroscopy
D) AAS

The answer is A) gas chromatography and I chose C) IR Spectroscopy :( I think I always just assume that if there is a functional group and its organic then you can use infrared. Why is this not the case? In what types of questions do we use infrared?

I don't believe IR Spectroscopy will give us the concentration of the solutions. Gas Chromatography does, as it also measures the amount of analyte present.

clıppy

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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1288 on: September 02, 2013, 09:14:14 pm »
0
In regards to calibration curves for calorimeters, what would be the differences in the graphs of:
A well insulated calorimeter with 100mL of water
A well insulated calorimeter with 50mL of water
A poorly insulated calorimeter with 100mL of water

I'm sorry I don't have an example question, I just saw a question like it somewhere and can't wrap my head around the differences in the graphs.
I've got a SAC coming up for calorimetry and would be super grateful to someone who could explain this to me
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Re: Chemistry 3/4 2013 Thread
« Reply #1289 on: September 02, 2013, 09:37:03 pm »
+2

A well insulated calorimeter with 100mL of water
A well insulated calorimeter with 50mL of water
A poorly insulated calorimeter with 100mL of water

I'm sorry I don't have an example question, I just saw a question like it somewhere and can't wrap my head around the differences in the graphs.

I've got a SAC coming up for calorimetry and would be super grateful to someone who could explain this to me

If a calorimeter has half the volume of water, then there is half as much stuff to heat up. The temperature will go up twice as fast; you will have a lower calibration factor and hence a graph of temperature against time will be steeper. (Energy against temperature graph shallower, higher temperature increases now)

A poorly insulated calorimeter can do two things. Firstly, some heat may escape initially during the reaction, leading to a lower maximum temperature. Then, when this maximum is attained, the poor insulation will mean that the calorimeter gives off heat energy to the surroundings, leading to a gradual and much more noticeable temperature decrease after the temperature peak.
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