Second Unit 3 SAC?

[Daenerys Targaryen]

I thought coenzymes were the protein kinda ones and cofactor the non protein
Correct if im wrong

[Yacoubb]

I'v got a few question:
How is the active site of an enzyme formed?
Also, a cofacotor is a coenzyme, right?
could someone sum up the main points of the two?
thanks.

The active site of an enzyme is formed by its tertiary structure; you see, all the R-variable groups of amino acids are either hydrophobic, hydrophilic, positively charged or negatively charged due to their molecular make up. Positively charged R-variable groups are joined to Negatively charged R-variable groups along a polypeptide chain by ionic bonds, polar R-variable groups are joined to other polar R-variable groups by hydrogen bonds and non-polar R-variable groups join to non-polar R-variable groups by hydrogen bonds. Cysteine amino acids are joined to each other by disulfide bridges. So when all of these R-variable groups join together by means of hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and disulfide bridges, an active site is formed that allows the enzyme to complement its substrate and catalyse the reaction.

Cofactors are inorganic molecules that assist enzyme activity, whereas coenzymes are obviously organic non-protein compounds that assist enzymes is catalysing the catabolism (break down of substances) or anabolism (build up of compounds) of a particular substrate. They affect enzyme activity in the the presence of cofactors and coenzymes will increase the rate of enzymatic activity!

I hope that it sums up a little of what you have queries regarding

[Snorlax]

I thought coenzymes were the protein kinda ones and cofactor the non protein
Correct if im wrong

Now I'm really confused.
Textbook says: *Cofactors are small inorganic substances
*coenzymes are NON-protein organic substances required for enzyme activity

[Yacoubb]

Now I'm really confused.
Textbook says: *Cofactors are small inorganic substances
*coenzymes are NON-protein organic substances required for enzyme activity

That's right Don't be confused lol!

[Snorlax]

so Cofactors are coenzymes. right.

[Snorlax]

The active site of an enzyme is formed by its tertiary structure; you see, all the R-variable groups of amino acids are either hydrophobic, hydrophilic, positively charged or negatively charged due to their molecular make up. Positively charged R-variable groups are joined to Negatively charged R-variable groups along a polypeptide chain by ionic bonds, polar R-variable groups are joined to other polar R-variable groups by hydrogen bonds and non-polar R-variable groups join to non-polar R-variable groups by hydrogen bonds. Cysteine amino acids are joined to each other by disulfide bridges. So when all of these R-variable groups join together by means of hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and disulfide bridges, an active site is formed that allows the enzyme to complement its substrate and catalyse the reaction.

Cofactors are inorganic molecules that assist enzyme activity, whereas coenzymes are obviously organic non-protein compounds that assist enzymes is catalysing the catabolism (break down of substances) or anabolism (build up of compounds) of a particular substrate. They affect enzyme activity in the the presence of cofactors and coenzymes will increase the rate of enzymatic activity!

I hope that it sums up a little of what you have queries regarding

thanks for that detailed answer.
Although I think I answered my own question
-on a side note to the forming of the active site, the B-sheets and random loops often form the active site due to them being less 'rigid' than the a-helices.

[Stick]

so Cofactors are coenzymes. right.

No, it doesn't work like that.

[Snorlax]

No, it doesn't work like that.

Yeah wait..
cofactors-inorganic
coenzymes-organic but not proteins.
it that the main point to distinguish the two?
Additional info would help.

[Ancora_Imparo]

Coenzymes are small, organic, non-protein molecules, such as vitamins, that carry chemical groups between enzymes. However, they are not considered part of an enzyme's structure. Cofactors are non-protein chemical compounds that are bound (either tightly, as in prosthetic groups; or loosely, as in coenzymes) to an enzyme and is required for catalysis. A cofactor can be a coenzyme or a prosthetic group.

[Snorlax]

Thanks for your inputs.
I'm being a pain in the arse today, but it feels like I know, but don't know a lot on enzymes...weird..
Another question: How do you illustrate/graph the activation energy of exergonic and endergonic reactions?
could someone link me on what it looks like?
thanks a heap.

[psyxwar]

Coenzymes are small, organic, non-protein molecules, such as vitamins, that carry chemical groups between enzymes. However, they are not considered part of an enzyme's structure. Cofactors are non-protein chemical compounds that are bound (either tightly, as in prosthetic groups; or loosely, as in coenzymes) to an enzyme and is required for catalysis. A cofactor can be a coenzyme or a prosthetic group.

This. Cofactors tend to be used up in the process of assisting the enzyme (for example, ATP -> ADP + Pi) meaning it needs to be replaced, whereas prosthetic groups are tightly bound and are not used up in the reaction.