Motors:
- Split rings (DC) swap which terminals the ends of the coil touch every half-turn, so current reverses and torque is maintained in same direction.
- Slip rings (AC) can be used if the frequency of AC current is exactly right so as to switch current direction every half-turn, but pretty impractical.
Generators:
- Slip rings (AC) keep each end of the coil attached to a particular terminal in the external circuit. Every half-turn the current in the coil reverses, and by keeping the same connections using slip rings, the current in the external circuit will alternate with the same frequency as the current in the coil.
- Split rings (DC), these change connections every half-turn, but current also reverses direction every half-turn. This results in pulsating DC in the external circuit.