Hey guys! Got some questions
1. What are transcription factors?
2. What are the main fossil types that you’re expected to know? What type of questions is asked?
3. Regulatory genes controls the expression of structural genes and structural genes codes for everything else. So what are master genes?
4. So for the Lac Operon, which should only be present in bacteria(I think?), when the repressor binds to the operator region, the RNA polymerase would be unable to bind to the promoter region right? Or is it that RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region and are unable to transcribe the gene due to the repressor blocking the operator region?
5. For ethics type of questions relating to newborns and fetus, can I use ethics from psychology like confidentially(only the parents and doctor are aware of the genetic test/screening result), informed consent(parents being aware of the consequences of their newborn/foetus carrying a disease) etc?
6. For designing your own experiment questions that are usually 4 marks. Can I do a dot point each for identifying independent variable, dependent variable and 2 dot points for controlled variables?
7. What are random errors and systematic errors?
8. How would you describe the transduction stage for hydrophilic signalling molecule?
Sorry for the long list of questions, these are the only problem areas I discovered after doing practice exams.
Thx beforehand!
1. transcription factors are things that alter the rate of transcription.
2. Fossil types are Mineralisation, casts, molds (explanations you can find a page or so back). You may be asked how 'this' fossil was formed in a short answer given a scenario where a fossil was found. I do think though that you are more likely to be asked about conditions for fossilization (descriptions also a page or so back)
3. there is a hierarchy of regulatory genes (so to say). Some regulatory genes regulate other regulatory genes. A master control gene is a regulatory gene on the top of this hierarchy (meaning it is not regulated by any other gene).
4. the binding of RNA polymerase is blocked. Yes, the lac operon is relevant in bacteria.
5. Yes, these are fine. As long as you can justify why it is an ethical consideration if need be, it should be fine.
6. For an experimental design question you need to include an IV, a DV as well as control other variables (this does not mean you should state "the IV is...". you can just say "in tube, A x is added but not to tube b". You should also explain any method necessary and finish by stating what results from the experiment would prove the hypothesis which the experiment it is designed to test. This latter point is important as I believe it is a stated skill on the study design.
7. random errors are errors that will change from an experiment by experiment. They may be a misreading of measurement or an error due to an uncontrolled variable.
Systematic errors will affect all results by the same margin. This is pretty much just talking about incorrect calibration of tools such that all results are inaccurate by the same value.
8. You could say:
the binding of the ligand to the extracellular receptor causes a conformational change in the protein which transfers the signal inside the cell where the activation of second messengers in a single cascade amplifies the original signal and results in the activation/production of an effector. This effector then acts to bring about a cellular response.
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