VCE Biology Question Thread

[Gogo14]

Why is a diversity or B cells due to rearrangement of gene segments?(vcaa question)

[sweetcheeks]

Why is a diversity or B cells due to rearrangement of gene segments?(vcaa question)

B cells have a specific antibody. The antibody is a protein, which is coded for by certain gene(s). By rearranging the genes, the nucleotide sequence can be altered, subsequently altering the amino acid sequence in polypeptide chain, resulting in a different protein being produced that has a different shape.

[The Usual Student]

Can't help with the first part. Something that I never thought about.

Exocytosis and Endocytosis both require ATP to function, making them forms of active transport.

thanks for your answer sweet cheeks,
But I was going through some definitions and the definition of active transport refers to movement from a low concentration to a high concentration ( and it requires ATP )
Doesn't that mean exocytosis of secretory vesicles from a high concentration to a low concentration isn't active transport ? but it still uses energy?

lol pls someone help i am so confused.

does this mean as long as ATP is used it is active transport? and the concentration gradient doesnt matter? i read in some textbooks it was referred to as an active process but not active transport ....

[Gogo14]

B cells have a specific antibody. The antibody is a protein, which is coded for by certain gene(s). By rearranging the genes, the nucleotide sequence can be altered, subsequently altering the amino acid sequence in polypeptide chain, resulting in a different protein being produced that has a different shape.

Thanks,

For experimental design, if it asks you just to design an experiment, do you have to state the results that support the hypothesis provided in the question?

[HasibA]

Thanks,

For experimental design, if it asks you just to design an experiment, do you have to state the results that support the hypothesis provided in the question?

not necessarily so , i think? eg. q asks u to design experiment, u design one, im pretty state either result that supports/goes against hypothesis [correct me if wrong]. imo, id always go support, bc for me, its easier

[solution]

When designing an experiment, is it necessary to explicitly state the control group, (in)dependent variables, supporting results. What I mean by this is stating it , then writing (Dependent Variable) or something like that.

bump

[HasibA]

bump

this is from a psych point of view, but id say so yeah! must state control group , experimental group, independent/dependent variables and a hypothesis if it asks (although i seriously doubt one question will ask all of that, probs be capped at 4 marks, asking for IV/DV and Control/exp groups)

[homosapien]

What level of protein structure would be most affected by heat?
Primary is the least but secondary, tertiary and quaternary (in some cases) all seem to have similar consequences as they have similar bonds. I'd think tertiary as thats where the shape is determined but not quite sure..

[The Usual Student]

What level of protein structure would be most affected by heat?
Primary is the least but secondary, tertiary and quaternary (in some cases) all seem to have similar consequences as they have similar bonds. I'd think tertiary as thats where the shape is determined but not quite sure..

Is this from a prac exam? it is a very weird question.
My money is on tertiary structures as well

[Angelx001]

What level of protein structure would be most affected by heat?
Primary is the least but secondary, tertiary and quaternary (in some cases) all seem to have similar consequences as they have similar bonds. I'd think tertiary as thats where the shape is determined but not quite sure..

secondary/ tertiary

[vox nihili]

Monoclonal antibodies are a relatively new technology that is taking world of pharmaceuticals by storm. Used as treatments for a number of conditions, monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that show specificity for human molecules.

An example of a monoclonal antibody is dupilumab, which is specific to the IL-4 receptor chain alpha. IL-4 receptor chain alpha is a protein segment found in both the IL-4 and IL-13 receptors. These receptors are activated by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 respectively. Dupilumab is used in the treatment of asthma.


1. Explain why dupilumab might be useful in asthma.
2. Suggest a way that monoclonal antibodies could be made.



As with most of the questions, really hard and not based on knowledge you're meant to have in VCE. I should clarify that with these questions I'm encouraging you to think and also encouraging you to learn how to learn stuff quickly, which VCAA constantly requires on your exams (think the 2015 question on aggregates in Alzheimer's disease).

[Gogo14]

Monoclonal antibodies are a relatively new technology that is taking world of pharmaceuticals by storm. Used as treatments for a number of conditions, monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that show specificity for human molecules.

An example of a monoclonal antibody is dupilumab, which is specific to the IL-4 receptor chain alpha. IL-4 receptor chain alpha is a protein segment found in both the IL-4 and IL-13 receptors. These receptors are activated by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 respectively. Dupilumab is used in the treatment of asthma.


1. Explain why dupilumab might be useful in asthma.
2. Suggest a way that monoclonal antibodies could be made.



As with most of the questions, really hard and not based on knowledge you're meant to have in VCE. I should clarify that with these questions I'm encouraging you to think and also encouraging you to learn how to learn stuff quickly, which VCAA constantly requires on your exams (think the 2015 question on aggregates in Alzheimer's disease).

1. The monoclonal antibodies may be injected to an asthmatic person. When they inhale allergens, the antibodies react with the allergens before they have a chance to bind to mast cells. Hence this treatment prevents release of histamine, thus no/reduced allergic reaction
2. They are produced by cancerous B cells of another animal. This allows a fast and large supply of antibodies to be obtained

[The Usual Student]

hey guys,
signal transduction only occurs for peptide hormones? am i correct? I got a multi choice wrong that said it will occur with all types of hormones. But the definition states it only occurs for peptide hormones which bind to the receptors on the surface of the cell.

[vox nihili]

1. The monoclonal antibodies may be injected to an asthmatic person. When they inhale allergens, the antibodies react with the allergens before they have a chance to bind to mast cells. Hence this treatment prevents release of histamine, thus no/reduced allergic reaction
2. They are produced by cancerous B cells of another animal. This allows a fast and large supply of antibodies to be obtained

Not a bad crack at it, but for #1 in particular maybe reread the question. You're giving dupilumab's mechanism of action—why is this relevant to asthma?
Your answer to number two is interesting. It's not what I was looking for, but it's relevant to some of the more advance details of how these are made, which is interesting. In any case...here's a hint. What would happen if a mouse antigen got in a human?

[sweetcheeks]

hey guys,
signal transduction only occurs for peptide hormones? am i correct? I got a multi choice wrong that said it will occur with all types of hormones. But the definition states it only occurs for peptide hormones which bind to the receptors on the surface of the cell.

According to VCAA it occurs for both.