How does HIV result in the death of helper T cells? Since when it infects the cell and assembles a new virus, the virus buds off and doesn't cause the cell to burst
This video explains it well:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gnpnUFNlooBut to summarise it, it's either because
- the cell realises that there are viral transcripts building up and initiates an inflammatory cascades that leads to it self destructing through pyroptosis
- the cell realises that the DNA is being damaged and initates apoptosis
- the proteins (caspases) that are used by viruses to activate their viral proteins, also go on to activate apoptosis in the cell
- Cytotoxic T cells realise the T helper cell is infected and the immune system kills it.
- Many of the T helper cells that are die are not infected. They die because when an infected cell dies via pyroptosis caused by inflammation, the pro-inflammatory particles are released and then affect other T helper cells causing them to undergo pyroptosis.
Disclaimer for people reading, none of this is VCE bio stuff!