Hey, can anyone explain why the second reason makes sense? Is it because the children must be hetrozygous meaning the are carriers but do not express the trait?
I could not for the life of me work out a second one but I did work out the first two parts of the question:-\ 
Thank you 
Edit:Thank you
So you already know it's recessive. Now to work out whether it's autosomal or X-linked.
If it were X-linked recessive, all of the sons would have the trait. Because the mum is affected, which would mean that either one of the X chromosomes she passes on would carry the trait and therefore the boys would have it. They don't, so it has to be autosomal.
I have searched all of them up and I am getting no information from what mutation is causing it OR conflicting information in which mutation it is. Believe me I always come to AN after researching and when I am confused in something, I ask a question in this forum.
BTW this is not any kind of homework or assignment from school...it has come from my own curiousity.
I still do not have an answer. If anyone could please answer my question asked above, I will appreciate it very much.
Thanks
A lot of the mutations you described aren't necessary for the VCE course. Silent, missense and nonsense are all point mutations, because they involve the substitution of one nucleotide for another. I've never heard of a transversion mutation.
As for the diseases, theoretically any mutation could cause these diseases.
For fun though:
ADH no idea, but probably point.
Sickle cell anaemia is caused by a point mutation in the beta-globin gene.
By beta-globin you're probably refereeing to beta-thalasseaemia (sickle cell disease is a special case). Most beta-thalassaemias are caused by point mutations, though some small deletions are also associated with the disease.
Cystic fibrosis can be caused by both point mutations and deletions. In Anglo-Saxons, deletion of the 508th codon is the most common cause of cystic fibrosis, though in other populations this is not the case.
Muscular dystrophy is usually a deletion or a nonsense point mutation. Depends on which type of muscular dystrophy you talk about though. Duchenne is typically a large deletion or a nonsense point mutation; anything that can cause a frameshift or a truncation.
Huntington's disease is caused exclusively by an insertion mutation (it's a special kind called an expansion, but you don't need to worry about that)
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