First, wording
I totally agree with you where you've noticed that the way I've worded stuff is a bit clunky, I think it's cos i'm trying hard to write a bit more sophisticated and where it is evident that I am in some places it also means I stuff up because i'm not familiar with the language i'm using, but that's not the biggest problem.
Not a problem, i'm happy to help! For wording i think it's good that you're going out of your way to expand your vocab and these are definitely the years to do it, just make sure on your real assessment all the words you're using are the ones you know, teachers tend to be slightly finicky about this stuff.
Arguments of the author
One of the main frustrations I found when trying to analyse this is that I could only see one argument. Put it simply and fleshed out, it was 'bill crosby is a bad rapest and he's horrible blah blah and he should not use his status to get away with those horrible predator like crimes....'
This meant that almost every point made in the article I could relate back to that. I felt Penahi kept on referring to crosby as a 'predator' because that was her sole argument - to paint crosby as evil so he goes to jail etc
How do I find the other arguments? I know there's that tonal shift stuff but I find it really hard to find even if I pretend that the author is speaking it out loud, and the only words I have to describe it are really basic (e.g angry, positive, upset, irritated, frustrated). What would you say the arguments were?
Also on the topic of arguments, you said 'the contention is more the idea that all individuals should face public repercussions for their illegal actions, Cosby included. '
I disagree with that. The WHOLE article is talking about crosby and his power. The whole effect is to get people to not like crosby so much that he can shrug away his crimes with lawyers. Therefore, the contention is not 'all individuals', that's too broad, but that Crosby should not use power/status/respect to get away.
Ok so over here you seem to have a jumble of questions.
1.
arguments are basically reasons why the contention is true. so let's go with my initial idea of a contention which is that "people like Cosby are using their public image to get away with doing awful things and that people should face repercussion for this."
HOW does Panahi prove this contention to be true? what arguments does she
use to show that Cosby is using his reputation to get away with terrible things??? Since your essay was done chronologically i'll do the same thing here:
- through highlighting the distinction between Cosby's image as a "wholesome" family man and the real savage nature of his relations to women
- through anecdotally emphasising the sufferring of rape victims
- through pointing out other celebrities like roman polanski, woody allen and rolf harris and highlighting the ability celebrities have to escape public scrutiny over the immoral nature of their actions due to their fame.
- through highlighting the ability of individuals in society to acknowledge the suffering of the victims and move past glorifying the abusive actions of men like cosby
2. our contentions aren't dissimilar the only thing different between your contention and mine is that yours is sort of saying "Panahi thinks Bill Cosby is bad" and i'm saying "Panahi thinks that Bill Cosby is the latest in the line of many celebrities who is using his public image to get away with being bad."
You need to sort of expand your ideas. and
the best way to this is to continuously ask "why?" if it's just about bill cosby why refer to other celebrities? why refer to the power of "the internet age" to act as a platform for individuals to hold celebrities morally accountable (via hannibal burress anecdote).
this is part of the reason all your analysis is sort of surface level, because you keep returning to the singular argument as if it was the contention and then it ends up as a repetitive cycle. i still do this now and again with text response. the best way to snap out of it is to
look at the aim of the piece as a whole; you're really getting into the swing of micro analysis, step back a bit and look at the full picture.
THIS IS YOUR ARGUMENT:
what is panahi trying to do by pointing out bill cosby is bad? THIS IS HOW IT LINKS TO A GENERAL CONTENTION: she is trying to show the fact that he is able to use his reputation to hide the dual nature of his violent personality, and that other celebrities and people have done the same.
THIS IS HOW IT LINKS TO AN EFFECT ON THE AUDIENCE:
why is she doing this? to highlight the need for the public to realise that cosby is getting away with hurting people, and so have other celebrities and as part of the global age of information citizens should realise what Cosby is doing and allow for moral responsibility/public scrutiny.
a contention should be broad, that's what contentions *are* you need to look at the broadest picture then see how all the tiny components of language add up to make an argument which add up to prove the contention and therefore make it into a picture. yes???
Effect
I have heard so many times 'dont just paraphrase the text, but analyse it and say how it's being used to persuade'.
I obviously have a problem in doing so as you have pointed out so many times. What I think the problem is, is that I think i am talking about the effect it has on the reader but possible in not enough detail. Let me use an example to illustrate that.
The routine is to tyipcally go 1. Summary/technique 2. Quote 3. Effect
I've said this:
Panahi probes on the idea that Cosby is indeed drugging and raping women as she states that many women told a ‘remarkably similar story’. The choice of words ‘remarkably similar’ is an attempt to highlight just how certain assaulted women are as they all have a similar story which positions readers to feel that those women are part of a group which has experienced the same event.
As you can see in that red section, I felt I was showing the EFFECT, and thus a satisfactory point of analysis.
However, you added to the effect:
'In doing this Panahi brings to light just how often acts of sexual violence occur without public awareness, further accentuating growing anger and fury within audiences who have grown to despise Cosby as a man who is all to willing to manipulate the power of his reputation in order to escape the public limelight....'
OK so im gonna tackle this three fold, first im gonna say whats wrong with the sentence, then im gonna explain just generally how to show effect.
Panahi probes on the idea that Cosby is indeed drugging and raping women as she states that many women told a ‘remarkably similar story’. The choice of words 'remarkably similar’ is an attempt to highlight just how certain assaulted women are as they all have a similar story which positions readers to feel that those women are part of a group which has experienced the same event.
1)
WHAT IS THIS EFFECT NONSENSE AND HOW DO I DO THIS? An effect is basically a result, a consequence. in the context of L.A we're saying that Panahi's language impacted the reader into THINKING, FEELING or DOING something; and this effect in turn proves the argument which proves the contention. Shit summary, but you get the idea.
1a.) the first problem is your argument(s)/contention "bill cosby is bad" has nothing to do with the language and the effect. "remarkably similar" does not prove bill cosby is bad, you feel me? the limited scope of your contention is hurting you again. basically the first problem is that the language you've chosen doesn't show anything about the argument or contention/
1b). the second problem with this sentence is that your effect is less of an effect and kinda more a "what Panahi is doing" youre saying "Panahi says this and then they feel this" which is RIGHT, but only to a most basic degree. you need to a) extrapolate on effect more (see 1c) and b)
look at the effect from the audiences point of view. YOU are not panahi, i am not interested in WHY you do things i am interested in the EFFECT of the things you do...in a sense the phrasing of "positions the reader" because it's so stale/overused kind of makes readers feel as if your focusing more on the WHY and less on the effect, and this impression is made more apparent to me because of 1a) the analysis you've given me has no connection to any other argument.
1c). the third problem is you haven't extrapolated on the effect enough, it's too shallow.
what is the point of showing to the reader that all the women are experiencing the similar thing? why is panahi doing this?? ask yourself WHY?? she's doing this to show the horror of sexual degradation/the universal feeling of powerlessness experienced by rape victims/ the brutality present in the fact that Cosby is willing to repeat his crimes with other women. etc. etc.
SO know that you know WHY she's doing this ASK YOURSELF HOW DOES THIS MAKE ME FEEL/THINK/WANT TO DO?
THINK: it makes me feel scared and vulnerable to know that predators lurk so brazenly in the public limelight, to know that my mothers and sisters may one day also share "a remarkably similar story" to the women Panahi is describing.
FEEL: it makes me feel angry that he is allowing for a society where there is a normalised degradation of women as in the lack of public culpability faced by people like Cosby there can be continued violent acts towards women
DO: this makes me willing to take action by public reviling Cosby's image, etc. you get the picture
SUBSECTION TO 1C): 1D) HOW DO I LEARN TO DO THISTry and make it a chain effect, pick a piece of language which connects to your argument then ask yourself what it will make people think, then feel and then do. you obviously can't do this for every section of your essay but it'll open your eyes to the sheer depth of impact language can have on an individual's way of processing and evaluating info.
2) GENERALLY HOW TO IMPROVE:2a) move beyond phrases like "positions the reader" the 1, 2, 3 bones of the essay are really apparent, switch it up. talk about effect first (3) then link to your argument (1), talk about what the audience is thinking in one and then feeling in another and then all three in relation to a third technique. otherwise your essay will just be repetitive even if you have different arguments. it's totally cool to have the 1, 2, 3 structure just try to have it less apparent, maybe make a word document of phrases you find now and again that are better than "POSITIONS THE READER"
2b) incorporate each piece of feedback one step at a time. obvs this is a lot of feedback and some of these problems (e.g. expanding on contention, elaboration on effect) aren't gonna improve in one go. they have to do more with your skills in interpretation and that will only improve with the number of essays you write.
2c) as for teachers, i feel you. i know what that's like but each and every individual has something to contribute and even if teachers aren't awesome at teaching still rely on them as a resource - they offer different perspective. maybe turn to someone else at your school/ trade work with a friend. i struggled through this as well in year 10/11 and i still struggle with it now, so it's all good, you're not out of time or anything
Hope this is useful to you.

Edited because I can't spell.