1. Basically since rank 1 takes their exam score for their SACs because they did well. If both scored the same on their exams and they both maintained rank 1 for exams, then they'd get the same study score.
2. It depends. Let's say the rank 1 guy is an outlier and he's the only really good student in the weaker cohort. Let's say he underperforms in the exam and rank 2 gets the highest exam score but it isn't that high. If this happens, then rank 1 gets the exam score rank 2 for his SACs, which in the case where he's an outlier and usually way better than rank 2, he would be negatively influenced by his cohort. In a competitive cohort, rank 1 would get slightly higher SAC scores because rank 2 would probably score high in their exam and the SACs for rank 1 would get boosted up, since they'd take the exam of rank 2 for their SAC if that's the highest exam score.
3. I'd say that most of the time cohort strength doesn't affect your atar. Even if it does, the affect is minimal. Think about it like this, to get rank 1 in a strong cohort is considerably more difficult than to do it in a weak cohort, as they are competing with heaps of people who will eventually ace their exam. So, the advantages of getting rank 1 in a strong cohort are in a way earned. Basically the better SAC marks attained by rank 1 in the competitive cohort in my response to 2 is earned because he most likely would have had to perform much better to get his SAC marks anyway, even if they get the same exam score.
Anyway, like dankfrank said these questions aren't going to help. In my opinion cohort strength plays a incredibly minor role in a person's atar in the end. VCE isn't a measure of how good your cohort is, but instead is a measure of how well you personally do. So try your best and don't worry about these things.
