The three main types of large scale organisations in Australia include corporations, government departments and not-for-profit organisations. They vary in terms of their ownership and purpose.
A corporation is owned by shareholders and aims to make a profit. There are two types of corporations - public and private companies. Examples of public companies include BHP Billiton, Telstra and Virgin Blue. Shares in public companies are usually traded on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX). Members of the public are able to buy or sell shares in public companies and such companies can have millions of shareholders. Private corporations are not listed on the ASX and have restrictions on who can buy shares. They can have one shareholder (who would also be the director), but no more than 50 shareholders. Private corporations are often family companies. Companies such as Rip Curl, 7 Eleven and Retravision are examples of privately owned companies.
A government business enterprise is government owned and operated. GBEs carry out government policies while they deliver community services and we don’t always think of them as being corporations. They are actually run just like companies, though — usually with a board of directors that is accountable to the government for the GBE’s performance. GBEs are typically large, and include some of the largest employers of people in Australia. They exist at all three levels of government (federal, state and local). The Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations and the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs are examples.
Not-for-profit organisations include charities and foundations. Their main purpose is to provide goods, services or funds to prevent particular social problems or to continue their work for the benefit of the community. Examples include the Salvation Army, World Vision, Anglicare, the Australian Conservation Foundation and The Smith Family. These organisations do not generate business by selling products or services with the specific purpose of making a profit. Rather, they carry out their work freely or at a subsidised rate, and rely on volunteers, membership
subscriptions and donations to continue operating.