q4.)
Generators "naturally" produce AC current (if you focus on the actual coil, it will always be AC no matter if you have a split ring, slip ring or fuck all). However we can change this AC into DC by making it such that the ends of the coil switch every half turn. By switching, I mean that the ends of the coil swap with each other the output-wire/terminal thingy that they are touching. SO the switch of connectioncancels out the "natural" change in direction of current. The split ring commutator, just like in DC motors, does this switching.
It makes the current generated unidirectional by reversing the output connections each half rotation when the current through the coil should change direction, hence making the output current DC.
As pointed out by james23
In addition to that, it's a
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graph so it's always positive, but not constant. But still apprently qualifies as DC