ATAR Notes: Forum
Archived Discussion => 2012 => Mid-year exams => Exam Discussion => Victoria => Biology => Topic started by: WillJustWill on June 12, 2012, 11:19:40 am
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Is this allowed? Anyways, I think I may have already lost at least five marks. :c
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Yer it's allowed what questions did you struggle with
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did you do higher or lower for the 10 degree and 80 degree question:? because proteins are polypeptides....
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What are two advantages of memory cells?
I had the obvious one which was that there is a more immediate response to an infection, the other I was unsure, I said immunization would be more effective if memory cells are already present.
And the very last question? What 2 points did you guys put?
did you do higher or lower for the 10 degree and 80 degree question:? because proteins are polypeptides....
lower for both, the enzyme wouldn't be able to break down the proteins
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shouldn't it mean that there is a higher concentration of polypeptides in the thang thang then... lol.
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I said if you re uses the co2 from process p and I'd you remove the pyruvate when it's produced from the system no co2 will be made and more would be saved
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There weren't really questions that i struggled with, but some of the answers I was unsure about. I'm certain I got the one about the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm wrong though.
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a higher concentration because they aren't broken down*
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If the enzyme couldn't break down the polypeptides because of temperature, wouldn't the concentration of polypeptides be higher?
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shouldn't it mean that there is a higher concentration of polypeptides in the thang thang then... lol.
umm probably, wasnt the graph for 35 degress already fairly high? I just assumed it would be lower lol
edit:yep, i just assumed polypeptide was ammino acids haha, lost 2 marks there.
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yeah i wrote higher!!! yaya phew. well idk if it is correct... fingers crossed
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100%. :)
Kidding. Easier than expected though. No experimental design or rational drug design, which was quite surprising.
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Oh damn, I think I got the polypeptide concentration one wrong now that I think about. This keeps getting more depressing.
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aww don't worry i did so shit in the 2nd to last question because i didn't have time to read the info! hahaha plus i didn't read a mc question and circled 25! BLOODY TRICK QUESTIONS
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Someone fainted as well, and brought down their table along with them, which was quite scary, but nonetheless taken into consideration as an incident report. :)
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Would the concentration have been higher at 80 degrees or 10 degrees just out of curiosity?
Oh damn, I think I got the polypeptide concentration one wrong now that I think about. This keeps getting more depressing.
Don't worry. I don't think it was worth many marks anyway.
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What do you guys think the A+ mark will be for this one? I mean, compared to practice exams, I thought it was rather easy, but I'm already beating myself up over the mistakes I made.
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I'm thinking 62-65, but who knows. It was easier than many practice exams but there were some questions which the examiners could be really mean with in marking.
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The very last question, the chlorella/coal emissions question: 6CO_2s are inputted, and 3CO_2s are outputted, right? So that's 6H_2Os yielding 3O_2s, which with the 3-carbon pyruvate forms the 3CO_2s, yes? Also, did we have to specify what processes were occuring at the letters?
That's the only question I'm really concerned about.
I have no concerns for the memory cell advantages question, because I know I stuffed it up - I forgot to go back to it and bullshit some second advantage.
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Say if you think the A+ cutoff would be 62-65, what would A, B+, B and etc be?
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On the graph I did very high for the 80 degree one and slightly less for the 10 degrees but they were both higher than 37 is that right? lol I couldn't work out if polypeptide was protein or the breakdown idk.
I thought it was okay, no experiment design or drug :D
But what were you guys' answers for the very last question about the carbon dioxide emissions? lol I had no idea :(
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Time to get depressed! :D
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On the graph I did very high for the 80 degree one and slightly less for the 10 degrees but they were both higher than 37 is that right? lol I couldn't work out if polypeptide was protein or the breakdown idk.
I thought it was okay, no experiment design or drug :D
But what were you guys' answers for the very last question about the carbon dioxide emissions? lol I had no idea :(
i did what you did,,, but i'm still apprehensive sigh.
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The very last question, the chlorella/coal emissions question: 6CO_2s are inputted, and 3CO_2s are outputted, right? So that's 6H_2Os yielding 3O_2s, which with the 3-carbon pyruvate forms the 3CO_2s, yes? Also, did we have to specify what processes were occuring at the letters?
That's the only question I'm really concerned about.
I didn't even see that haha, I was wondering how it was specifically a 50% reduction.
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The very last question, the chlorella/coal emissions question: 6CO_2s are inputted, and 3CO_2s are outputted, right? So that's 6H_2Os yielding 3O_2s, which with the 3-carbon pyruvate forms the 3CO_2s, yes? Also, did we have to specify what processes were occuring at the letters?
That's the only question I'm really concerned about.
I didn't even see that haha, I was wondering how it was specifically a 50% reduction.
umm yeah I didn't even notice that haha oops
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Did anyone find the MCQ about blood type and agglutination weird? I thought both B and C was correct.
And the class 1 MHC markers MCQ question was so confusing..
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Did anyone find the MCQ about blood type and agglutination weird? I thought both B and C was correct.
And the class 1 MHC markers MCQ question was so confusing..
yes! I just went with A because I could see no difference in B and C lolll.
I went with C for the MHC marker one...I think. thought it was confusing too :P
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Did anyone find the MCQ about blood type and agglutination weird? I thought both B and C was correct.
And the class 1 MHC markers MCQ question was so confusing..
haha, I don't even remember those questions. Just on the multiple choice, was the independent variable for Jonah the room temp?
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Did anyone find the MCQ about blood type and agglutination weird? I thought both B and C was correct.
And the class 1 MHC markers MCQ question was so confusing..
haha, I don't even remember those questions. Just on the multiple choice, was the independent variable for Jonah the room temp?
I said his activities haha
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I said activities too, but not sure.
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wasn't the independent variable Jonah's activity? cause room temperature was kept constant at 20degrees
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wasn't the independent variable Jonah's activity? cause room temperature was kept constant at 20degrees
It would have been. I made the basic level conceptual mistake of thinking that the independent variable was the thing kept constant.
In effect, I'm an idiot.
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For the blood agglutination question in multiple choice, was the answer D. or?
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Flipping through the exam booklet and finding that there isn't an experimental design question had to be the highlight of the exam.
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In the exam room its hard to think outside the box, lol
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For the blood agglutination question in multiple choice, was the answer D. or?
yeah I said D
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Far out, i thought the enzymes produced the poly concentration, i did lower for both fml.
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Far out, i thought the enzymes produced the poly concentration, i did lower for both fml.
If your explanation is correct, I'm sure you'd receive marks for it (despite being wrong on the graph). :)
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Far out, i thought the enzymes produced the poly concentration, i did lower for both fml.
If your explanation is correct, I'm sure you'd receive marks for it (despite being wrong on the graph). :)
I said something about denaturation and slower moving particles in the enzyme/substrate. Fml i had 45minutes to go through it, clearly didn't got a good job at it
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FML... the blood type question, D is correct..
Blood type B has A antibodies so no agglutination occurs...
I fail...
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FML... the blood type question, D is correct..
Blood type B has A antibodies so no agglutination occurs...
I fail...
Don't be tormented, it's over and you tried your best. :) Look forward to the next exam!
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FML... the blood type question, D is correct..
Blood type B has A antibodies so no agglutination occurs...
I fail...
What was D?
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wasn't the independent variable Jonah's activity? cause room temperature was kept constant at 20degrees
It would have been. I made the basic level conceptual mistake of thinking that the independent variable was the thing kept constant.
In effect, I'm an idiot.
lol dw i did the same. there goes at least 3 MC marks for me =)))))
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what was the answer to the question about the cow,pig or sheep?
I wrote pig because the sequence is the same.. was that right?
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The aggulination question was answer D the one that did not contain any antigens?
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yes pig was correct,
someone tell me something to feel better lool (realizing the marks lost) rofls.
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For the polypeptide question i wrote both lower. If at 37 its such a high number and its optimum level for reactions, doesnt that suggest that polypeptides are the products or protein breakdown? Hence, at 10C enzymes are working slower to produce the product and at 80C enzymes are denatured
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Agglutination happens when ppl donate blood to the wrong blood type right?
THAT WAS LIKE 3 OF THE ANSWERS.
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For the polypeptide question i wrote both lower. If at 37 its such a high number and its optimum level for reactions, doesnt that suggest that polypeptides are the products or protein breakdown? Hence, at 10C enzymes are working slower to produce the product and at 80C enzymes are denatured
But aren't proteins polypeptides?
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Agglutination happens when ppl donate blood to the wrong blood type right?
THAT WAS LIKE 3 OF THE ANSWERS.
that's what i thought lollll i don't think i read the table right
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For the polypeptide question i wrote both lower. If at 37 its such a high number and its optimum level for reactions, doesnt that suggest that polypeptides are the products or protein breakdown? Hence, at 10C enzymes are working slower to produce the product and at 80C enzymes are denatured
that's what I thought, but it asked for concentration of polypeptides, not ammino acids
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Isn't meat in proteins like tertiary structure? And polypeptides the broken down primary structure? I understand the reasoning about polypeptides being proteins but why would 37 show such high levels? Its like 37 doesn't breakdown proteins? I just figured breakdown to amino acids happens in the intestines
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Isn't meat in proteins like tertiary structure? And polypeptides the broken down primary structure? I understand the reasoning about polypeptides being proteins but why would 37 show such high levels? Its like 37 doesn't breakdown proteins? I just figured breakdown to amino acids happens in the intestines
yeah that's true, 37 should have been really low then :S
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Isn't meat in proteins like tertiary structure? And polypeptides the broken down primary structure? I understand the reasoning about polypeptides being proteins but why would 37 show such high levels? Its like 37 doesn't breakdown proteins? I just figured breakdown to amino acids happens in the intestines
yeah that's true, 37 should have been really low then :S
You have nothing to compare it to, how do you know its not already low? =/
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How much was that polypeptide question worth all up 4 marks? 2 for graph 2 for explaination?
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Yup, 2 marks for the drawing on the graph,
2 marks for the explanation.
Did anyone find this question ambiguous or confusing? Quite a few people at school interpreted it differently?
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How much was that polypeptide question worth all up 4 marks? 2 for graph 2 for explaination?
Im pretty sure the graph is worth 2 and the explanation is worth 2
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Isn't meat in proteins like tertiary structure? And polypeptides the broken down primary structure? I understand the reasoning about polypeptides being proteins but why would 37 show such high levels? Its like 37 doesn't breakdown proteins? I just figured breakdown to amino acids happens in the intestines
yeah that's true, 37 should have been really low then :S
You have nothing to compare it to, how do you know its not already low? =/
True but it said the results were after 10 hours. After 10 hours would there be any material that hasn't broken down? I think if the explanations are correct either a higher or lower response can be accepted
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For the 1st SA question. It had an electron micrograph like this http://umanitoba.ca/Biology/BIOL1020/lab3/images/PlantCell-Micrograph1.jpg - It asked for structure X, I wrote cell wall because it was relatively thick in comparison to the large mitochondrion???? But EVERYONE else chose cell membrane..... they said they didn't see any chloroplasts....but it doesn't have to have chloroplasts to be a plant cell like the root cells that are plant cells despite having no chloroplasts? UGH, am i being a smart cookie or naive student? I hope it's the first :'(
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Just to be clear for myself and pretty much everyone else, is this correct?
https://www.dropbox.com/s/ponyhudjkpbk3ms/Polypeptide.png
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Isn't meat in proteins like tertiary structure? And polypeptides the broken down primary structure? I understand the reasoning about polypeptides being proteins but why would 37 show such high levels? Its like 37 doesn't breakdown proteins? I just figured breakdown to amino acids happens in the intestines
yeah that's true, 37 should have been really low then :S
You have nothing to compare it to, how do you know its not already low? =/
True but it said the results were after 10 hours. After 10 hours would there be any material that hasn't broken down? I think if the explanations are correct either a higher or lower response can be accepted
This wasn't one of those do you agree or disagree type of questions lol.
It's either right or wrong, if the enzymes have denatured then there must be a higher amount of polypeptides, it can't be lower because that would mean the ezymes are functioning better
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For the 1st SA question. It had an electron micrograph like this http://umanitoba.ca/Biology/BIOL1020/lab3/images/PlantCell-Micrograph1.jpg - It asked for structure X, I wrote cell wall because it was relatively thick in comparison to the large mitochondrion???? But EVERYONE else chose cell membrane..... they said they didn't see any chloroplasts....but it doesn't have to have chloroplasts to be a plant cell like the root cells that are plant cells despite having no chloroplasts? UGH, am i being a smart cookie or naive student? I hope it's the first :'(
Wouldn't there be a double layer since there would be a cell wall and membrane?
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Just to be clear for myself and pretty much everyone else, is this correct?
https://www.dropbox.com/s/ponyhudjkpbk3ms/Polypeptide.png
thats what I did, but apparently its wrong :(
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yes pig was correct,
someone tell me something to feel better lool (realizing the marks lost) rofls.
yeah everytime I talk to someone about the exam, I realise a lose a mark
If i talked to 75 different people...well.... :'(
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For the 1st SA question. It had an electron micrograph like this http://umanitoba.ca/Biology/BIOL1020/lab3/images/PlantCell-Micrograph1.jpg - It asked for structure X, I wrote cell wall because it was relatively thick in comparison to the large mitochondrion???? But EVERYONE else chose cell membrane..... they said they didn't see any chloroplasts....but it doesn't have to have chloroplasts to be a plant cell like the root cells that are plant cells despite having no chloroplasts? UGH, am i being a smart cookie or naive student? I hope it's the first :'(
Wouldn't there be a double layer since there would be a cell wall and membrane?
But the cell membrane is mainly a phospholipid bilayer....they're tiny!? UGH I don't know :-\ when Connect Education puts out it suggested answers....maybe then we'll know?
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This is my first post here, so hello all :)
For the protein levels one, it's a bit confusing, and I'm sure I got it wrong. But you have to consider that at 80 degrees, most of the proteins (polypeptides) would have denatured thus breaking the peptide bonds, meaning there would be a lower overall concentration of polypeptides and a higher concentration of independent amino acids.
For the 10 degrees one, I put the same concentration as the 35 degrees because I don't remember reading anything about enzymes, however I did only briefly skim over the question. I would assume though that if there were enzymes in the solution, at 35 degrees they would of broken down the proteins, all though this could still result in there being a high concentration of polypeptides.
However I'm not sure so I'm assuming I lost all of the marks :|
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This is my first post here, so hello all :)
For the protein levels one, it's a bit confusing, and I'm sure I got it wrong. But you have to consider that at 80 degrees, most of the proteins (polypeptides) would have denatured thus breaking the peptide bonds, meaning there would be a lower overall concentration of polypeptides and a higher concentration of independent amino acids.
For the 10 degrees one, I put the same concentration as the 35 degrees because I don't remember reading anything about enzymes, however I did only briefly skim over the question. I would assume though that if there were enzymes in the solution, at 35 degrees they would of broken down the proteins, all though this could still result in there being a high concentration of polypeptides.
However I'm not sure so I'm assuming I lost all of the marks :|
I essentially did the same thing, because I interpreted it differently and thought they extracted the protein (polypeptide) purely from the "protein-rich" food the dude ate.
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Isn't meat in proteins like tertiary structure? And polypeptides the broken down primary structure? I understand the reasoning about polypeptides being proteins but why would 37 show such high levels? Its like 37 doesn't breakdown proteins? I just figured breakdown to amino acids happens in the intestines
yeah that's true, 37 should have been really low then :S
You have nothing to compare it to, how do you know its not already low? =/
True but it said the results were after 10 hours. After 10 hours would there be any material that hasn't broken down? I think if the explanations are correct either a higher or lower response can be accepted
This wasn't one of those do you agree or disagree type of questions lol.
It's either right or wrong, if the enzymes have denatured then there must be a higher amount of polypeptides, it can't be lower because that would mean the ezymes are functioning better
Yeah but I understood that it was proteins (tertiary structure) being broken down to polypeptides (primary structure). If it was polypeptides to amino acids wouldnt the polypeptide conc at 37 be zero? Afterall 37 should be optimum enzyme level?
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Very first post for me too!
For this question, I assumed that we had to deduce that there are already enzymes (peptidases) present in the stomach, from which the experiment contents were collected and incubated at the different temperatures (10 degrees and 80 degrees). In saying this, the solution which was incubated at 10 degrees would have meant that the enzymes of the stomach and the protein molecules from the protein-rich food were moving slowly and would cause fewer collisions between enzyme and substrate to occur. Hence, the protein molecules from the food would be broken down into polypeptides at a slower rate, resulting in a lower polypeptide concentration than that of 37 degrees. And as for the solution incubated at 80 degrees, the enzymes that would work to break down the protein into polypeptides would have denatured due to the extremely high temperature above the optimum, and hence the polypeptide concentration would be 0 or very close to 0.
Sorry for the lengthy reply but this is how I interpreted the question - please correct me if I'm wrong!
This is my first post here, so hello all :)
For the protein levels one, it's a bit confusing, and I'm sure I got it wrong. But you have to consider that at 80 degrees, most of the proteins (polypeptides) would have denatured thus breaking the peptide bonds, meaning there would be a lower overall concentration of polypeptides and a higher concentration of independent amino acids.
For the 10 degrees one, I put the same concentration as the 35 degrees because I don't remember reading anything about enzymes, however I did only briefly skim over the question. I would assume though that if there were enzymes in the solution, at 35 degrees they would of broken down the proteins, all though this could still result in there being a high concentration of polypeptides.
However I'm not sure so I'm assuming I lost all of the marks :|
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Very first post for me too!
For this question, I assumed that we had to deduce that there are already enzymes (peptidases) present in the stomach, from which the experiment contents were collected and incubated at the different temperatures (10 degrees and 80 degrees). In saying this, the solution which was incubated at 10 degrees would have meant that the enzymes of the stomach and the protein molecules from the protein-rich food were moving slowly and would cause fewer collisions between enzyme and substrate to occur. Hence, the protein molecules from the food would be broken down into polypeptides at a slower rate, resulting in a lower polypeptide concentration than that of 37 degrees. And as for the solution incubated at 80 degrees, the enzymes that would work to break down the protein into polypeptides would have denatured due to the extremely high temperature above the optimum, and hence the polypeptide concentration would be 0 or very close to 0.
Sorry for the lengthy reply but this is how I interpreted the question - please correct me if I'm wrong!
This is my first post here, so hello all :)
For the protein levels one, it's a bit confusing, and I'm sure I got it wrong. But you have to consider that at 80 degrees, most of the proteins (polypeptides) would have denatured thus breaking the peptide bonds, meaning there would be a lower overall concentration of polypeptides and a higher concentration of independent amino acids.
For the 10 degrees one, I put the same concentration as the 35 degrees because I don't remember reading anything about enzymes, however I did only briefly skim over the question. I would assume though that if there were enzymes in the solution, at 35 degrees they would of broken down the proteins, all though this could still result in there being a high concentration of polypeptides.
However I'm not sure so I'm assuming I lost all of the marks :|
Very good explanation!! That's exactly my train of thought :)
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Very first post for me too!
For this question, I assumed that we had to deduce that there are already enzymes (peptidases) present in the stomach, from which the experiment contents were collected and incubated at the different temperatures (10 degrees and 80 degrees). In saying this, the solution which was incubated at 10 degrees would have meant that the enzymes of the stomach and the protein molecules from the protein-rich food were moving slowly and would cause fewer collisions between enzyme and substrate to occur. Hence, the protein molecules from the food would be broken down into polypeptides at a slower rate, resulting in a lower polypeptide concentration than that of 37 degrees. And as for the solution incubated at 80 degrees, the enzymes that would work to break down the protein into polypeptides would have denatured due to the extremely high temperature above the optimum, and hence the polypeptide concentration would be 0 or very close to 0.
Sorry for the lengthy reply but this is how I interpreted the question - please correct me if I'm wrong!
There is essentially little difference between a protein and a polypeptide, although most proteins consist of multiple polypeptides, e.g. haemoglobin, there are proteins made from just one polypeptide e.g. the enzyme lysozyme.
I'm sure we were meant to talk about enzymes, as I said I didn't thoroughly read over the question so I didn't actually realise the solutions were obtained from a man's stomach (poor bastard). That said still, I think the concentration of polypeptides would of been less at 80 degrees because the peptide bonds probably would of broken resulting in just amino acids.
For the 10 degrees one, I think it really depends on whether there were enzymes or not, I'm sure it's safe to assume there were enzymes.
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Yeah, I was thinking that when I was reading the question too! But I remembered a multiple choice question on the 2009 VCAA exam, where a diagram showed that proteins were being broken down into polypeptides and just went with my explanation.
There is essentially little difference between a protein and a polypeptide, although most proteins consist of multiple polypeptides, e.g. haemoglobin, there are proteins made from just one polypeptide e.g. the enzyme lysozyme.
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For this question, I assumed that we had to deduce that there are already enzymes (peptidases) present in the stomach, from which the experiment contents were collected and incubated at the different temperatures (10 degrees and 80 degrees). In saying this, the solution which was incubated at 10 degrees would have meant that the enzymes of the stomach and the protein molecules from the protein-rich food were moving slowly and would cause fewer collisions between enzyme and substrate to occur. Hence, the protein molecules from the food would be broken down into polypeptides at a slower rate, resulting in a lower polypeptide concentration than that of 37 degrees. And as for the solution incubated at 80 degrees, the enzymes that would work to break down the protein into polypeptides would have denatured due to the extremely high temperature above the optimum, and hence the polypeptide concentration would be 0 or very close to 0.
Sorry for the lengthy reply but this is how I interpreted the question - please correct me if I'm wrong!
That was how i interpreted the question as well. I hope it's right!
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do you think they accept a lot of answers for the polypeptide question seems it could be interrupted differently?
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In the alternate interpretation of the polypeptide graph, would it also make sense to say that the enzymes themselves are polypeptides?
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do you think they accept a lot of answers for the polypeptide question seems it could be interrupted differently?
they may be more lenient depending on how the rest of the state answered the question.
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do you think they accept a lot of answers for the polypeptide question seems it could be interrupted differently?
Yes, defintely. Lots of the assessment reports had questions that were awarded marks either way so long as your explanation made sense, and in this case, matched the graph you drew
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Yeah, I was thinking that when I was reading the question too! But I remembered a multiple choice question on the 2009 VCAA exam, where a diagram showed that proteins were being broken down into polypeptides and just went with my explanation.
I don't know, I find VCAA tend to be a bit all over the place with some questions. This is from the answer to multiple choice 25 on the 2009 exam. "Step R involves peptidases converting proteins (polypeptides) to peptides", I couldn't find the question you were referring to, but it sounds familiar.
Either way, your explanation sounds quite sound so we can just go with that :)
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I don't know, I find VCAA tend to be a bit all over the place with some questions. This is from the answer to multiple choice 25 on the 2009 exam. "Step R involves peptidases converting proteins (polypeptides) to peptides", I couldn't find the question you were referring to, but it sounds familiar.
Either way, your explanation sounds quite sound so we can just go with that :)
That's very interesting. I can see a lot of complaints to VCAA either way. Wonder how the assessors will feel about the exam?
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I thought that the polypeptides were being broken down into amino acids. Not proteins being broken down into polypeptides. But thinking about it, either way could make sense depending on how you explained it.
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What a controversial exam, can't wait to see VCAA's comments on all of this.
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What a controversial exam, can't wait to see VCAA's comments on all of this.
was only the polypeptide question controversial? :)
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was only the polypeptide question controversial? :)
There were a couple more, such as compound Y in the cycle for Chlorella.
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they should give everyone the marks lool
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Was the process positive or negative feedback?!
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Was the process positive or negative feedback?!
the 'rod cell' thing? lol i said it wasn't negative feedback
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It wasn't negative feedback, it was just stimulus-response as the response did not act to reverse the stimulus which was light.
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shouldn't it mean that there is a higher concentration of polypeptides in the thang thang then... lol.
umm probably, wasnt the graph for 35 degress already fairly high? I just assumed it would be lower lol
edit:yep, i just assumed polypeptide was ammino acids haha, lost 2 marks there.
But the 35/37 degree, it is already high in concentration. So I assumed it will be lower. I found that the question doesnt really explain well. I just put lower a bit for the 10degree compared to 80degree.
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Was the process positive or negative feedback?!
the 'rod cell' thing? lol i said it wasn't negative feedback
yeah i said that too, didn't really have a concise explanation though. I said because a variable wasn't being controlled
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I thought 80degrees was to week to break covalent bonds(peptide bonds) and would only disrupt the bonds maintaing the shape of tertiary and secondary stucture
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for the rod cell one i just said the stimulus is not being opposed in this feedback system, therefore this system cannot be negative feed
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I thought 80degrees was to week to break covalent bonds(peptide bonds) and would only disrupt the bonds maintaing the shape of tertiary and secondary stucture
I'm fairly sure this isn't what they were after, I think they wanted you to think about the fact that there are enzymes in the stomach acid.
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what did u guys put for MC Q24? I think I put D or A.
This exam is easy but tricky! Thank god there is no experimental design.
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Was the process positive or negative feedback?!
the 'rod cell' thing? lol i said it wasn't negative feedback
Yep, I said the same. Only because it does have to work in a positive feedback state, otherwise, we wouldn't be able to see in the dark! It is only when your eyes are exposed to a flash of light (like driving at night and someone comes around the corner with their high-beams), the rod cells (not cones cells, as these are not involved), which are very light-sensitive, make use of at least three negative feedback mechanisms (inhibitory) to allow a prompt recover back to the resting state.
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It wasn't negative feedback, it was just stimulus-response as the response did not act to reverse the stimulus which was light.
If the electric signal resulted in the eye moving away from the light, wouldn't that be negative feedback as the response moved the rod cell away from the light?
I put both and justified them both, if the result of the light being detected moves the eye away from the light then yes, if it doesn't result in that then it isn't as there is no action on the stimulus.
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for the rod cell one i just said the stimulus is not being opposed in this feedback system, therefore this system cannot be negative feed
I think it was signal transduction as it involved cGMP, although I don't think you needed to mention any of this at all as long as you described that it isn't negative feedback. I wrote the same thing as you.
what did u guys put for MC Q24? I think I put D or A.
I chose the one that said the antigens had a complementary shape to the antibody? Is that what you put?
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for the rod cell one i just said the stimulus is not being opposed in this feedback system, therefore this system cannot be negative feed
I think it was signal transduction as it involved cGMP, although I don't think you needed to mention any of this at all as long as you described that it isn't negative feedback. I wrote the same thing as you.
what did u guys put for MC Q24? I think I put D or A.
I chose the one that said the antigens had a complementary shape to the antibody? Is that what you put?
i said the same as you, the antigens had complementary shape to the anibody
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what did u guys put for MC Q24? I think I put D or A.
This exam is easy but tricky! Thank god there is no experimental design.
Yeah I put D, was considering A after eliminating B and C. changed last moment lol
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what did u guys put for MC Q24? I think I put D or A.
This exam is easy but tricky! Thank god there is no experimental design.
Yeah I put D, was considering A after eliminating B and C. changed last moment lol
was D the antigen has the complementary shop to the antibody?
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what did u guys put for MC Q24? I think I put D or A.
This exam is easy but tricky! Thank god there is no experimental design.
Yeah I put D, was considering A after eliminating B and C. changed last moment lol
was D the antigen has the complementary shop to the antibody?
yeah it was
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Couldn't see properly whether this was already explained but here's my thoughts on the polypeptide qn:
Did they ask for the relative amount of polypeptide (which would have been a substrate for a protease enzyme in the stomach - that's what I inferred from what you guys are talking about) for each temperature? I havent seen the exam paper yet.
At 10 degrees, the proteases are working but slowly. So the amount of polypeptide would be relatively high (because only some of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 37 degrees, the proteases are probs working at optimum level. So the amount of polypeptide would be low (because most of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 80 degrees, the proteases are denatured and do not work [80 degrees does not break COVALENT bonds, it breaks hydrogen bonds], so cannot convert polypepeptide substrate into its amino acids. So the amount of polypeptide would be higher than that in 10 degrees (as none of it has been broken down).
Was that what the question was asking?
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Couldn't see properly whether this was already explained but here's my thoughts on the polypeptide qn:
Did they ask for the relative amount of polypeptide (which would have been a substrate for a protease enzyme in the stomach - that's what I inferred from what you guys are talking about) for each temperature? I havent seen the exam paper yet.
At 10 degrees, the proteases are working but slowly. So the amount of polypeptide would be relatively high (because only some of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 37 degrees, the proteases are probs working at optimum level. So the amount of polypeptide would be low (because most of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 80 degrees, the proteases are denatured and do not work [80 degrees does not break COVALENT bonds, it breaks hydrogen bonds], so cannot convert polypepeptide substrate into its amino acids. So the amount of polypeptide would be higher than that in 10 degrees (as none of it has been broken down).
Was that what the question was asking?
Pretty much :) Except I think you had to infer that proteases were present in the stomach. (I can't remember whether they gave you this information.)
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Couldn't see properly whether this was already explained but here's my thoughts on the polypeptide qn:
Did they ask for the relative amount of polypeptide (which would have been a substrate for a protease enzyme in the stomach - that's what I inferred from what you guys are talking about) for each temperature? I havent seen the exam paper yet.
At 10 degrees, the proteases are working but slowly. So the amount of polypeptide would be relatively high (because only some of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 37 degrees, the proteases are probs working at optimum level. So the amount of polypeptide would be low (because most of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 80 degrees, the proteases are denatured and do not work [80 degrees does not break COVALENT bonds, it breaks hydrogen bonds], so cannot convert polypepeptide substrate into its amino acids. So the amount of polypeptide would be higher than that in 10 degrees (as none of it has been broken down).
Was that what the question was asking?
Yeah that's what it was asking.
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Couldn't see properly whether this was already explained but here's my thoughts on the polypeptide qn:
Did they ask for the relative amount of polypeptide (which would have been a substrate for a protease enzyme in the stomach - that's what I inferred from what you guys are talking about) for each temperature? I havent seen the exam paper yet.
At 10 degrees, the proteases are working but slowly. So the amount of polypeptide would be relatively high (because only some of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 37 degrees, the proteases are probs working at optimum level. So the amount of polypeptide would be low (because most of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 80 degrees, the proteases are denatured and do not work [80 degrees does not break COVALENT bonds, it breaks hydrogen bonds], so cannot convert polypepeptide substrate into its amino acids. So the amount of polypeptide would be higher than that in 10 degrees (as none of it has been broken down).
Was that what the question was asking?
Well I'm screwed for that one then.. :D
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Couldn't see properly whether this was already explained but here's my thoughts on the polypeptide qn:
Did they ask for the relative amount of polypeptide (which would have been a substrate for a protease enzyme in the stomach - that's what I inferred from what you guys are talking about) for each temperature? I havent seen the exam paper yet.
At 10 degrees, the proteases are working but slowly. So the amount of polypeptide would be relatively high (because only some of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 37 degrees, the proteases are probs working at optimum level. So the amount of polypeptide would be low (because most of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 80 degrees, the proteases are denatured and do not work [80 degrees does not break COVALENT bonds, it breaks hydrogen bonds], so cannot convert polypepeptide substrate into its amino acids. So the amount of polypeptide would be higher than that in 10 degrees (as none of it has been broken down).
Was that what the question was asking?
That was one interpretation. My one was the heated discussion earlier haha about proteins being broken down into polypeptides. Though I think your reasoning makes sense too :)
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Couldn't see properly whether this was already explained but here's my thoughts on the polypeptide qn:
Did they ask for the relative amount of polypeptide (which would have been a substrate for a protease enzyme in the stomach - that's what I inferred from what you guys are talking about) for each temperature? I havent seen the exam paper yet.
At 10 degrees, the proteases are working but slowly. So the amount of polypeptide would be relatively high (because only some of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 37 degrees, the proteases are probs working at optimum level. So the amount of polypeptide would be low (because most of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 80 degrees, the proteases are denatured and do not work [80 degrees does not break COVALENT bonds, it breaks hydrogen bonds], so cannot convert polypepeptide substrate into its amino acids. So the amount of polypeptide would be higher than that in 10 degrees (as none of it has been broken down).
Was that what the question was asking?
Yeh the q was similar to that but in the graph, they gave you the level for the 37 degrees one which was already fairly high. The y-axis was in arbitrary units and the maximum value on the y-axis was 40, and the level for the 37 degrees one was 30 if i remember correctly. That's what was misleading
but thanks for you help, I think I did what you said
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i put the 10 degree one as the same height as the 37 degree one, this is incorrect isn't it?
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Couldn't see properly whether this was already explained but here's my thoughts on the polypeptide qn:
Did they ask for the relative amount of polypeptide (which would have been a substrate for a protease enzyme in the stomach - that's what I inferred from what you guys are talking about) for each temperature? I havent seen the exam paper yet.
At 10 degrees, the proteases are working but slowly. So the amount of polypeptide would be relatively high (because only some of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 37 degrees, the proteases are probs working at optimum level. So the amount of polypeptide would be low (because most of the polypeptide has been broken down).
At 80 degrees, the proteases are denatured and do not work [80 degrees does not break COVALENT bonds, it breaks hydrogen bonds], so cannot convert polypepeptide substrate into its amino acids. So the amount of polypeptide would be higher than that in 10 degrees (as none of it has been broken down).
Was that what the question was asking?
That was one interpretation. My one was the heated discussion earlier haha about proteins being broken down into polypeptides. Though I think your reasoning makes sense too :)
Oh fair enough - but the issue with that is that the proteases would in turn break down the polypeptides into amino acids. :/
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Yeah, when I drew that graph, even though I read "polypeptide" in the axis, for some stupid reason it didn't register in my brain and I immediately started drawing the graph of how much stuff had been broken down. (Damn you)
And the baby receiving IgG and IgM antibodies, what was with that? It was down to B or D, and after I went through my MCQ I rubbed out D and shaded B, because I thought that:
*If the baby was infected during fetal development, they wouldn't have the capacity to produce antibodies yet because their immune system would be so weak (and the question stated that IgM couldn't be passed through the placenta)
But then I was unsure because passive immunity would never lasts for two years. Grrrr.
And then the yellow fever one, I assumed that you could also spread the disease through human contact as well as mosquitoes, because NK cells would destroy virally-infected cells and you'd eventually cough up the debris and potentially cough the virus out, so I wrote cilia for one of the first lines of defence, but apparently yellow fever can't be spread human-to-human....
I feel quite depressed now, it wasn't even a hard exam sigh
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It does make sense that the baby would be too weak to produce IgM antibodies, but at the same time, what's the guarantee that the baby will receive passive immunity over the next two years? That's only if the baby is breastfed...and baby formula is readily available nowadays, so that isn't really GUARANTEED.
Some very strange MC questions this year imo. And that agglutination question? o_O I went for D because it was the only one that looked different, despite that it should still occur in options B and C.
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No, the agglutination question referred to the ANTIBODIES against the antigens, not the antigens themselves. D was the only correct option.
The question said that the newborns had never been breastfed, so from the information it is definitely unreasonable to say that passive immunity will last 2 years. D is sketchy but it is most logical.
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I cant really remember the question but to the best of my knowledge it wasnt an answer with passive immunity, as it said the antibodies couldnt cross the placenta, and there was no mention of whether the babies were breastfed
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Wasn't the answer for the babies that the mum had immunity against the virus? I didn't think the other three options made any sense.
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Post the actual question?
If you've never been breast fed, your antibodies won't last 2 years though
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I cant really remember the question but to the best of my knowledge it wasnt an answer with passive immunity, as it said the antibodies couldnt cross the placenta, and there was no mention of whether the babies were breastfed
was the answer active induced immunity? i don't actually remember the question though haha
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But would the babies have IgM antibodies if their immune system has not developed yet?, cause it mentions it was just born and IgM antibodies cannot path through the placenta.
Although 2years sound dodgy, the others didn't make sense. I just assumed it will get breast fed and some babies get breast fed until the age of 2 so lol... such a stupid question
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It's possible that they could have gotten IgG antibodies through an injection...but that is wishful thinking
Is it still possible to get 45 if you're estimating that you've dropped around 10 marks for worst-case scenario
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It was something like this.
There are four newborns and their mothers when pregnant were infected with the rubella viruses. Antibodies IgM and IgG are produced by the mother. IgM cannot pass through the placenta. Babies haven't been fed.
Baby 1: No antibodies
Baby 2: IgG
Baby 3: IgM
Baby 4: IgM
A - Baby 1's mother had immunity to Rubella.
B - Baby 2 will have 2 years passive immunity.
C - Baby 3 got IgM through the placenta.
D - Baby 4 got infected with rubella during fetal development.
I chose D, as did most others.
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It was something like this.
There are four newborns and their mothers when pregnant were infected with the rubella viruses. Antibodies IgM and IgG are produced by the mother. IgM cannot pass through the placenta. Babies haven't been fed.
Baby 1: No antibodies
Baby 2: IgG
Baby 3: IgM
Baby 4: IgM
A - Baby 1's mother had immunity to Rubella.
B - Baby 2 will have 2 years passive immunity.
C - Baby 3 got IgM through the placenta.
D - Baby 4 got infected with rubella during fetal development.
I chose D, as did most others.
Wow amazing memory lol
I really hope it is B though.. cause the babies immune system hasn't developed yet at that stage
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It was something like this.
There are four newborns and their mothers when pregnant were infected with the rubella viruses. Antibodies IgM and IgG are produced by the mother. IgM cannot pass through the placenta. Babies haven't been fed.
Baby 1: No antibodies
Baby 2: IgG
Baby 3: IgM
Baby 4: IgM
A - Baby 1's mother had immunity to Rubella.
B - Baby 2 will have 2 years passive immunity.
C - Baby 3 got IgM through the placenta.
D - Baby 4 got infected with rubella during fetal development.
I chose D, as did most others.
how on earth did you remember that? haha I chose D too
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It was something like this.
There are four newborns and their mothers when pregnant were infected with the rubella viruses. Antibodies IgM and IgG are produced by the mother. IgM cannot pass through the placenta. Babies haven't been fed.
Baby 1: No antibodies
Baby 2: IgG
Baby 3: IgM
Baby 4: IgM
A - Baby 1's mother had immunity to Rubella.
B - Baby 2 will have 2 years passive immunity.
C - Baby 3 got IgM through the placenta.
D - Baby 4 got infected with rubella during fetal development.
I chose D, as did most others.
Wow amazing memory lol
I really hope it is B though.. cause the babies immune system hasn't developed yet at that stage
If it was passive immunity, isn't that short lived? So like 28 days?
How could it last for 2 years?
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There was question with a diagram of a blood vessel and the cells going through it to the site of a bacterial infection. The options were histamine and natural killer cells and some others. Can anyone tell me what the answer was for this?
And did anyone else find the SA less difficult than the MC?
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'In an infant the presence of IgM antibodies means the baby was infected during the pregnancy.' I got this from http://www.labtestsonline.org.au/understanding/analytes/rubella/tab/test
So i think this would support D
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I said they were phagocytes. The diagrams of them were kinda odd though.
If you went to the mast cell in short answer, the diagram of it looked the same as the cells that stayed in the blood vessel in the MC question.
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There was question with a diagram of a blood vessel and the cells going through it to the site of a bacterial infection. The options were histamine and natural killer cells and some others. Can anyone tell me what the answer was for this?
And did anyone else find the SA less difficult than the MC?
I was tossed between the natural killer cell option and the phagocyte option. They looked kind of granular so they could have been natural killer cells but i chose phagocytes as I figured neutrophils (which are also granular) could have been what was in the diagram.
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NK cells target infected cells not bacteria.
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NK cells target infected cells not bacteria.
'NK cells secrete antimicrobials which kill bacteria by disrupting their cell walls' - Wikipedia.
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It was something like this.
There are four newborns and their mothers when pregnant were infected with the rubella viruses. Antibodies IgM and IgG are produced by the mother. IgM cannot pass through the placenta. Babies haven't been fed.
Baby 1: No antibodies
Baby 2: IgG
Baby 3: IgM
Baby 4: IgM
A - Baby 1's mother had immunity to Rubella.
B - Baby 2 will have 2 years passive immunity.
C - Baby 3 got IgM through the placenta.
D - Baby 4 got infected with rubella during fetal development.
I chose D, as did most others.
Wow amazing memory lol
I really hope it is B though.. cause the babies immune system hasn't developed yet at that stage
If it was passive immunity, isn't that short lived? So like 28 days?
How could it last for 2 years?
it can be passive because the baby could be breast fed after? (The question said babies haven't been fed but ER wouldn't the baby die if they weren't fed for 2 years lmfao?) i was tossing up between D and B but D just seemed really odd... never heard of fetus babies getting infected with viruses,,, but now B seems wrong <_< wtf
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Interesting, I never considered NK cells as answer. Either way, I'm pretty sure it is phagocytes that squeeze through the capillaries to reach a site of infection.
You can't assume that the baby will be breast-fed to get passive immunity for two years.
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what did u guys put for MC Q24? I think I put D or A.
This exam is easy but tricky! Thank god there is no experimental design.
Yeah I put D, was considering A after eliminating B and C. changed last moment lol
was D the antigen has the complementary shop to the antibody?
yeah it was
Yeah I was considering A for Q24 at first but after thorough thinking I rub off and put D.
Hey for the agglutination question , was the answer D - antibodies B was given to blood type AB
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Yes it was D for the blood-type question.
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Interesting, I never considered NK cells as answer. Either way, I'm pretty sure it is phagocytes that squeeze through the capillaries to reach a site of infection.
You can't assume that the baby will be breast-fed to get passive immunity for two years.
i dont think a baby's immune system develops until after they are born... not full at least. that question is stupid! requires knowledge about babies! HAHAHAH :D
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About the capillaries question, in the year 12 course we are only expected to know that NK cells destroy virally-infected cells and tumour cells from what I know of.
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The IgM question - the fact that IgM was found in the baby means that the baby HAS to have had some degree of immune system development, otherwise where else would IgM have come from? Cant come from mother, IgM doesn't cross placenta.
And I'd go with phagocytes - in the initial innate immune response, the neutrophils exit the post capillary venules into the site of infection - so those granulocytes that you saw are probs neutrophils.
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Yeah passive immunity will last for a few months or weeks only.
I found that the SA is easier than SB because I might be unlucky and had a pedantic marker.
I would also pick the phagocyte one because natural killer cells just seem weird somehow and they don't attack free bacteria, just infected cells while macrophages(type of phagocyte) can engulf bacteria and foreign material.
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Yeah passive immunity will last for a few months or weeks only.
I found that the SA is easier than SB because I might be unlucky and had a pedantic marker.
I would also pick the phagocyte one because natural killer cells just seem weird somehow and they don't attack free bacteria, just infected cells while macrophages(type of phagocyte) can engulf bacteria and foreign material.
LAME, but i swear that the baby can still get breast fed.. and if the mum was infected with that shyat, the antibodies in her body would pass through :( NO!!! i've already gotten 2 mc questions wrong T____________T and like 2 in the SA. GARRRRRRRRRR
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The baby can get IgG from the mother. It was all correct, until it assumed that the baby WOULD have 2 years of passive immunity. The baby isn't guaranteed to be breastfed for that time.
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The IgM question - the fact that IgM was found in the baby means that the baby HAS to have had some degree of immune system development, otherwise where else would IgM have come from? Cant come from mother, IgM doesn't cross placenta.
According to Wikipedia, IgM antibodies can develop in the fetus at 20 weeks and onwards
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_M#cite_note-4
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Exactly, the baby made them, not the mother. :)
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Exactly, the baby made them, not the mother. :)
wtf lame, srsly -.- they can't expect us to know that shit. oh well. IT JUST HURTS TO KNOW I COLOURED D AND RUBBED IT OUT LAST MINUTE
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You can rule out the first three options as definitely being wrong, D is the only one left that's plausible
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wtf lame, srsly -.- they can't expect us to know that shit. oh well. IT JUST HURTS TO KNOW I COLOURED D AND RUBBED IT OUT LAST MINUTE
I doubt many people new this-I for one didn't. But I'm guessing that this is one of those questions you just have to logically solve by elimination of the other possible answers. It came down to B and D and so you would have to apply the knowledge that passive immunity is short lived to eliminate B.
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It said that the babies were tested before being breast fed for the first time
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Yeah, a lot of biology past exams I found were just elimination in MC.
Correct saheh. The information was all correct. However, the actual answer B was wrong.
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It said that the babies were tested before being breast fed for the first time
lol omg i swear i am blind. but okay guys~~~~~
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Hey I have a quick question. In mc do you guys remember the question where it shows ADP becoming ATP and it asks what the original source of energy for the reaction was? What did you guys put, because I wasn't sure about if it was glucose or sunlight?
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Hey I have a quick question. In mc do you guys remember the question where it shows ADP becoming ATP and it asks what the original source of energy for the reaction was? What did you guys put, because I wasn't sure about if it was glucose or sunlight?
Sunlight. It asked for the ORIGINAL souce of energy, which is ultimately sunlight, because glucose is built by harnessing the energy of sunlight. ;)
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Hey I have a quick question. In mc do you guys remember the question where it shows ADP becoming ATP and it asks what the original source of energy for the reaction was? What did you guys put, because I wasn't sure about if it was glucose or sunlight?
i said sunlight bro, i learnt that in unit 2 and that's the only thing that stuck with me since 1/2 bio HAHAHAHA
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what did everyone do for the blood agglutination Q!?!?!? I did D where A or B is added to AB, because i thought it would be B or C where A is added to B visa versa but i couldn't ??? circle both!
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Couldnt have the original energy been created from those ocean bacteria organism things that make their own food without light? BAM VCAA!
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Haha yeah I thought so. I just had a blank moment in the exam and chose glucose :P
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Couldnt have the original energy been created from those ocean bacteria organism things that make their own food without light? BAM VCAA!
I don't know if you were joking or not, but don't cyanobacteria photosynthesis?
According to wikipedia they comprise of 20-30% of the photosynthetic productivity on Earth... I is confuse. :(
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yeah i just edited it, theyre some organisms that live near underground volcanoes that make energy without light. not cyanobacteria...
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guys what did you write for the LAST QUESTION? the other variables or smth lmfao
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guys what did you write for the LAST QUESTION? the other variables or smth lmfao
I said light intensity and temperature, just thought back to past exams haha
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guys what did you write for the LAST QUESTION? the other variables or smth lmfao
I did temperature and light availability too, although I'm not sure if temperature is correct. My friend told me that in the description that it said the algae or whatever they were didn't have an optimal climate, but I figured that there would be a point where if the temperature was too great in the pond they would be killed. Do you reckon VCAA would accept this or nah?
It's small things like these that made the exam tricky. You really had to read the decription, something which I'm afraid I did not do too well :(
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Here we go
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemosynthesis
original energy might be from deep depths of the oceans
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guys what did you write for the LAST QUESTION? the other variables or smth lmfao
In the info it specified that the plant doesn't need consistent rainfall, particular climate etc.
So I said, keep toxic chemicals produced by the factory away from the plant, and keep animals away as they might use it as a food source, not sure if that was what they wanted lol
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Hey what did you guys put for the calcium mc question? it had something about calcium being lower in the blood. I chose the one about absorbing calcium from intestines. But i wasn't sure...
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has a copy of the exam been posted up yet? link?
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Hey what did you guys put for the calcium mc question? it had something about calcium being lower in the blood. I chose the one about absorbing calcium from intestines. But i wasn't sure...
im 99.99% sure thats right, all the others would lower it even further i think.
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Hey what did you guys put for the calcium mc question? it had something about calcium being lower in the blood. I chose the one about absorbing calcium from intestines. But i wasn't sure...
im 99.99% sure thats right, all the others would lower it even further i think.
loooool i said more Ca in urine.. what was i thinking
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I also picked the intestines one for the calcium MC
What did you guys put for the ethylene MC question?
I thought because it is lipid soluble then the receptors can't be on the cell membrane, but when stress (like the scratching of the plant surface) is imposed on a plant it produces more ethylene so the fruit ripens quicker? I think that was option B
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I also picked the intestines one for the calcium MC
What did you guys put for the ethylene MC question?
I thought because it is lipid soluble then the receptors can't be on the cell membrane, but when stress (like the scratching of the plant surface) is imposed on a plant it produces more ethylene so the fruit ripens quicker? I think that was option B
yeah i did the scratchy one :)
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I also picked the intestines one for the calcium MC
What did you guys put for the ethylene MC question?
I thought because it is lipid soluble then the receptors can't be on the cell membrane, but when stress (like the scratching of the plant surface) is imposed on a plant it produces more ethylene so the fruit ripens quicker? I think that was option B
yeah i did the scratchy one :)
Me too. I chose B because it said damage causes ethylene to be released
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what did everyone do for the blood agglutination Q!?!?!? I did D where A or B is added to AB, because i thought it would be B or C where A is added to B visa versa but i couldn't ??? circle both!
No, you're right. Adding anti-A or anti-B Ab to blood group AB causes agglutination. Adding anti-B to A and anti-A to B does nothing
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^ praise the lawd!
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That question stumped me though. I ruled out A for obvious reasons. B and C were replicas of each other, so I assumed they couldn't be picked, so I went for D which was the most different. XD WHOOT!
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is it glucose or sunlight that provides energy for ATP phosphorylation?
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is it glucose or sunlight that provides energy for ATP phosphorylation?
Sunlight ultimately does this.
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^ Yeah, especially since they were asking for the original source of energy
I'm quite unsure of one of my answers, the one asking for why the percentage of infected adults with Pertussis increased even though they had been immunised as children...
I said something along the lines that the antigens on the virus may have mutated and a new strain of the virus infected the adults to the one they had been previously immunised against.
What did you guys say?
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Something along those lines! I was stupid though, I wrote that, and then I crossed it out and said that they hadn't been immunised, then I read it again and realised they had, so crossed it out AGAIN and wrote that they were mutated. Hope the examiners can see my answer amongst the crossing out. :P I underlined it and everything so yeah.
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I'm quite unsure of one of my answers, the one asking for why the percentage of infected adults with Pertussis increased even though they had been immunised as children...
I said something along the lines that the antigens on the virus may have mutated and a new strain of the virus infected the adults to the one they had been previously immunised against.
What did you guys say?
I wrote that the memory cells formed from initial immunisation had not been stimulated throughout their life time and so they eventually were broken down and not replaced. Would this get a mark?
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Yeah I wrote kinda the same thing, like they hadn't had booster shots or sonething
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hey i dont remember the last MC question, but i recall it being about HIV and it had letters like R S and P or something or rather... what did you guys pick? It was the one after the HIV test tube thing... lol already forgot the whole exam
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is it glucose or sunlight that provides energy for ATP phosphorylation?
Almost all the energy we find occuring in biological systems ultimately has came from sunlight. Carnivores and Omnivores get all or most of their energy from Herbivores (these aren't great distinctions as you'll find out in uni) which obtain their energy largely from plants which ultimately obtain their energy from the sun.
It's the same with fossil fuels as well, that energy ultimately came from the sun.
The original/end source is sunlight though.
(With the exception of sulfur-reducing bacteria and other things you really don't need to know about for VCE, you can assume pretty much all energy in biological systems result from the sun)
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hey i dont remember the last MC question, but i recall it being about HIV and it had letters like R S and P or something or rather... what did you guys pick? It was the one after the HIV test tube thing... lol already forgot the whole exam
That question is confusing. I wasted like 5mins for it. And I hate the ethylene scratchy question. Omg they wanna trick us and now they fell into trucking themselves for the compound Y for the last 2 pages one...apparently compounds are ATP,NADPH but that can't be
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Who felt like they were ripped off a bit today.
I felt like the writers excluded sections of the course such as plant hormones and rational drug design. In every other year, rational drug design had been on the exam and I'd usually seen a plant hormone question as well.
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hey i dont remember the last MC question, but i recall it being about HIV and it had letters like R S and P or something or rather... what did you guys pick? It was the one after the HIV test tube thing... lol already forgot the whole exam
That question is confusing. I wasted like 5mins for it. And I hate the ethylene scratchy question. Omg they wanna trick us and now they fell into trucking themselves for the compound Y for the last 2 pages one...apparently compounds are ATP,NADPH but that can't be
YES!!!Who felt like they were ripped off a bit today.
I felt like the writers excluded sections of the course such as plant hormones and rational drug design. In every other year, rational drug design had been on the exam and I'd usually seen a plant hormone question as well.
yess ! i, again, feel the same! they did way too much on immunity. hey what did you write when they usked us what actions the australia health body or w/e they are called, can take when responding to the new bacteria...
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hey i dont remember the last MC question, but i recall it being about HIV and it had letters like R S and P or something or rather... what did you guys pick? It was the one after the HIV test tube thing... lol already forgot the whole exam
That question is confusing. I wasted like 5mins for it. And I hate the ethylene scratchy question. Omg they wanna trick us and now they fell into trucking themselves for the compound Y for the last 2 pages one...apparently compounds are ATP,NADPH but that can't be
YES!!!Who felt like they were ripped off a bit today.
I felt like the writers excluded sections of the course such as plant hormones and rational drug design. In every other year, rational drug design had been on the exam and I'd usually seen a plant hormone question as well.
yess ! i, again, feel the same! they did way too much on immunity. hey what did you write when they usked us what actions the australia health body or w/e they are called, can take when responding to the new bacteria...
I think I wrote it can immunise the person upon return to Australia and then the person can be quarantined for a short period of time.
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Who felt like they were ripped off a bit today.
I felt like the writers excluded sections of the course such as plant hormones and rational drug design. In every other year, rational drug design had been on the exam and I'd usually seen a plant hormone question as well.
This
So bad
I just studied my butt off and this exam was soooooo blah and now I read all your answers and confidence level drops 10 points :p
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Who felt like they were ripped off a bit today.
I felt like the writers excluded sections of the course such as plant hormones and rational drug design. In every other year, rational drug design had been on the exam and I'd usually seen a plant hormone question as well.
This
So bad
I just studied my butt off and this exam was soooooo blah and now I read all your answers and confidence level drops 10 points :p
You're not alone, I feel exactly the same to be honest.
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[/quote]
I think I wrote it can immunise the person upon return to Australia and then the person can be quarantined for a short period of time.
[/quote]
oh that was a different question, there was one about how the adults were infected with the disease dispite being immune, and we were asked why this was the case, i'm asking about the question following on from this :), and how we can treat this issue or w/e
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oh that was a different question, there was one about how the adults were infected with the disease dispite being immune, and we were asked why this was the case, i'm asking about the question following on from this :), and how we can treat this issue or w/e
I can't remember that question. Sorry
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Ok. I think I get the polypeptide question now!
When the meat is ingested, the pepsin breaks down proteins(meat) into smaller polypeptide chains. Then the protease breaks down smaller polypeptide chains into amino acids. So i think the level of polypeptide concentration for 10 and 80 degrees will be lower than the 37/35degrees.
That is what i thought. I might be wrong though.
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Ok. I think I get the polypeptide question now!
When the meat is ingested, the pepsin breaks down proteins(meat) into smaller polypeptide chains. Then the protease breaks down smaller polypeptide chains into amino acids. So i think the level of polypeptide concentration for 10 and 80 degrees will be lower than the 37/35degrees.
That is what i thought. I might be wrong though.
i swear i;m seeing people talk about this so much. i made 10 higher than 37 and 80 highest, because at 10 deg, enzymes aren't working at optimum, therefore less polypeptide chains are broken down (proteins are polypeptide chains i think), therefore there is MORE polypeptides present therefore it is at a higher concentration than 37, at 80 the enzymes are denatured blah blah blah. lol.... idk i think i'm wrong so dw about me
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Who felt like they were ripped off a bit today.
I felt like the writers excluded sections of the course such as plant hormones and rational drug design. In every other year, rational drug design had been on the exam and I'd usually seen a plant hormone question as well.
This
So bad
I just studied my butt off and this exam was soooooo blah and now I read all your answers and confidence level drops 10 points :p
Most of us did that lol, we'll be stronger for the next one ;)
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Ok. I think I get the polypeptide question now!
When the meat is ingested, the pepsin breaks down proteins(meat) into smaller polypeptide chains. Then the protease breaks down smaller polypeptide chains into amino acids. So i think the level of polypeptide concentration for 10 and 80 degrees will be lower than the 37/35degrees.
That is what i thought. I might be wrong though.
i swear i;m seeing people talk about this so much. i made 10 higher than 37 and 80 highest, because at 10 deg, enzymes aren't working at optimum, therefore less polypeptide chains are broken down (proteins are polypeptide chains i think), therefore there is MORE polypeptides present therefore it is at a higher concentration than 37, at 80 the enzymes are denatured blah blah blah. lol.... idk i think i'm wrong so dw about me
Yeah that's true as well. But before that protein can also be broken down into smaller polypeptide chains before amino acids because you need a few different enzymes to break a protein. If yours is correct, then shouldn't both be much much higher than the 10degrees one given that the 35/37 ones is already high enough.. this question can be really misleading somehow. I was just hoping I could argue over with them to accept both answers.
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the question mentioned a protein meal. Since pepsin in the stomach only breaks protein down into polypeptides not amino acids I suspect the 10 and 80 should be much lower since enzyme is denatured etc, etc. Strange question though - how the hell do you measure a polypeptide concentration as opposed to a protein concentration since these are the same thing only differing in terms of shape!!!!
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the question mentioned a protein meal. Since pepsin in the stomach only breaks protein down into polypeptides not amino acids I suspect the 10 and 80 should be much lower since enzyme is denatured etc, etc. Strange question though - how the hell do you measure a polypeptide concentration as opposed to a protein concentration since these are the same thing only differing in terms of shape!!!!
the table ask us to graph the polypeptide concentration, not aminoacid, in the person, so it would be high at 10 and 80 ???
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Here's why we can't trust any answer. VCAA gave this as a solution to question 25 MC 2009.
Step R involves peptidases converting proteins (polypeptides) to peptides;
hence options A and B were incorrect.
They called proteins polypeptides.
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Here's why we can't trust any answer. VCAA gave this as a solution to question 25 MC 2009.
Step R involves peptidases converting proteins (polypeptides) to peptides;
hence options A and B were incorrect.
They called proteins polypeptides.
terrible! vcaa is terrible! they said in a VCAA assessor's report that macrophages are lymphocytes! they arent -.- now they got that stupid compound thing wrong! that confused the crap out of me!
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Here's why we can't trust any answer. VCAA gave this as a solution to question 25 MC 2009.
Step R involves peptidases converting proteins (polypeptides) to peptides;
hence options A and B were incorrect.
They called proteins polypeptides.
terrible! vcaa is terrible! they said in a VCAA assessor's report that macrophages are lymphocytes! they arent -.- now they got that stupid compound thing wrong! that confused the crap out of me!
VCAA also said that ethylene and ethene are not the same thing when they clearly are AND they went on to say that ethene is NOT ORGANIC! WTH!
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yeah plus that whole thing with red light and photosynthesis :P
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yeah plus that whole thing with red light and photosynthesis :P
Ahh yeah...that WAS red light though - according to Heinemann textbook.
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Yeah that one was right.
I just reckon because of the split they don't have much choice but to allow both right if the explanations are logical.
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Hi everyone :)
Okay so I've read all of your comments (and became progressively more depressed with each new page haha), but I have some queries...
Okay, first off, with the question about what is moving into the bloodsteam - mast cells, phagocytes or natural killers...phagocytes would have been moving in right? Because natural killers only destroy virus cells, and it was a bacteria...thoughts on this?
Now onto the short answer, the very last page, you know the question about 50% of CO2 being prevented by the Chlorella farming (or something like that). I said that it was absorbed via photosynthesis, etc. Is that somewhat correct? Actually, now that I read the stem of the question again, Chlorella uses more CO2 than land plants. Would my answer still be correct if I didn't mention this?!
And for the question below this, it asked for two conditions other than CO2 supply which would affect. Now the stem of the question (which I didn't realise) stated that they do not require prime soil,reliable rainfall or a particular climate. I stated that these two variables would be light intensity, and access to water (I didn't state rainfall). I think that the light intensity one would be correct (possibly?) because I didn't state temperature? But what do you think about the access to water one?
You guys are awesome - and regardless of whether you mucked up some questions, we all did our best wooo!
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Yeah, they would act as phagocytes. I'm not really sure and confident about the other two.
Guys, I'm curious about the question about what you would look for to determine a plant and animal cell. I made a comparative statement about plant cells having a cell wall whereas animals cells do not. Would the second mark be the comparative statement or a second variable? I only excluded chloroplasts because some plant cells do not have chloroplasts, so therefore you couldn't assume a cell without chloroplasts is an animal cell.
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Yeah, they would act as phagocytes. I'm not really sure and confident about the other two.
Guys, I'm curious about the question about what you would look for to determine a plant and animal cell. I made a comparative statement about plant cells having a cell wall whereas animals cells do not. Would the second mark be the comparative statement or a second variable? I only excluded chloroplasts because some plant cells do not have chloroplasts, so therefore you couldn't assume a cell without chloroplasts is an animal cell.
I saw two marks so two points. The wording was key. I wrote, "Presence of chloroplasts. If chloroplasts are present then the cell is plant and not animal. Presence of cell wall. If a cell wall is present the cell is not animal." Notice how I don't say that if a cell doesn't have chloroplasts it is animal? Also notice how I did say that presence of the cell wall meant the cell was plant (as bacteria have a cell wall). They might give 1 mark for organelle, 1 mark for explanation however.
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InsaneMcFries...I DID THE EXACT SAME THING ABOUT THE CELL WALL! I thought yep, cell wall, but hmmm chloroplasts aren't there necessarily because they're not in potato cells (which are plant cells). Thus, I didn't include chloroplasts, didn't even think of a vacuole. Just praying that a mark for name, and a mark for explanation!
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Hmm, I'm just interested because it says to determine whether a cell is from an animal OR a plant. This implies to me that it wants knowledge of what feature would determine which of the two it is.
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I didn't even notice the question was worth two marks.... :o