Nah you're not missing out on anything, they both run the same operating systems. I think there are a few
minor improvements, but I don't think they justify shelling out for.
I have that grey TI-Nspire CAS you pictured there. I haven't used the CX, but I have used the black ti-nspire. The keyboard layout for the CX seems quite similar to the black nspire. If you look at the grey ti-nspire, you have dedicated buttons for greater than, less than, sin, cos etc. On the black nspire you don't. Looking at pictures/videos of the CX, that seems to operate the same way.
http://images.tmcnet.com/tmc/misc/articles/Image/cas_cx.jpgThere aren't dedicated buttons for those functions. You press ctrl and some button, and it comes up with a menu on the screen. For the inequality type stuff, you press CTRL + = and you get that digital menu. From there you have to select and press ">" etc. from that menu. Same thing for the trig functions and for pi, i etc.
It's probably that I'm not used to it, but I find it A LOT faster and simpler to just press one button, rather than having to use a menu every time. There's quite a few other small user interface annoyances I found with the black TI-nspire, and from what I've seen on the net about that CX, there's annoyances have carried over. I assume TI thought they had made design "improvements" and stuck with that misconception.
So yeah, I'm sticking with the one I already have.