Moles are all about ratios:
e.g: if 3 molecules have a mass of 2grams. 12 molecules has how many grams? Because there are 4 times as many molecules, the mass if 4 times as much. Formally we can describe this as the mass to molecules ratio is preserved i.e: 2:3=8:12
Mr of TNT is 227 means that 6.02*10^26 particles has a mass of 227grams.
Which you may recognise as that dogmatic mole formula you guys are supposed to learn. Notice that this is the exact same to the small example I provided above, just with nastier numbers. (if you relate it to that math-friendly example you will understand)
Your third question uses the same strategy.
Now as to you're second question:
You recognised that moles are just a count of particles (just like dozen counts things too, it's just a mere 12 rather than 6.02*10^26)
For every three
we have an
. Hence for every TNT molecule there are three
molecules. THat means that if we have
TNT molecules then we have three times as much
(
) So you see, no matter what our number is we always have three times as much
. Hence if we have 0.2mol of TNT we have 0.6mol
in those TNT's.