Psychology Unit 4 Suggested Solutions

[Glockmeister]

NOTE: Feel free to criticise an answer, I have rushed the questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Memory
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. A
11. B (see the discussion here)
12. A
13. D
14. D
15. D
16. A
17. C
18. A
19. A
20. B
21. A
22. A

Learning
23. C (at least for VCE anyway)
24. B
25. A
26. D
27. A
28. B
29. C
30. B
31. A
32. D
33. C
34. A
35. B
36. A
37. A
38. C
39. A
40. A
41. C
42. D
43. A
44. A

EDIT: Thanks for the corrections guys
 

[Glockmeister]

Memory SAQ

1a) Anterograde Amnesia
b) Procedural Memory

2a) In semantic network theory, information is stored within interconnecting nodes. These nodes contain concepts where are connected to each other by how closely they are associated with each other by meaning.
b) A region of the network is examined for the links between each concept. These links are traced until the target concept is reached,.
c) How close the association is from one node to another.

3) Method of Loci uses a series of well-known locations to act as a 'peg' for words that need to be remembered in order. For example, Waleed could associate for example the sequence of locations on the way to school with the words he needs to remember (e.g. chocolate - bedroom, hair- bathroom, elephant - bus stops, beach - bus, fingers - school), which he would need to make a memorable association between the location and the word to be remember. When he need to recall the words, he can mentally go through the same sequence of locations, which should help him remember the words in order.

4) Group 2. This is because the procedure in Group 1 is a form of maintenance rehearsal whereas Group 2 is a form of elaborative rehearsal. Elaborative rehearsal techniques allows for more of the words to enter the LTM

5a) Repression is an unconscious, motivated forgetting of an event, often because the event is too traumatic for it to cope
b) Repression is unconscious forgetting where as Suppression is conscious
c) Motivated

[Glockmeister]

Learning SAQ

6) Look, there's loads of ethical problems in this experiments. See here for a nice list of them.

http://vcenotes.com/forum/index.php/topic,6713.msg86809.html#msg86809

7a) One-trial
b) 1. Unlike classical conditioning, which requires multiple trials before gaining the association between the CS and the CR, one-trial learning only needs one trial before an association is built
    2. One-trial Learning is remarkably resistant to extinction, unlike Classical Conditioning where extinction will occur if their is no repeated trials or assocations beteen the CS and CR.
c) CS Seeing the grapes
    CR Nauseous feeling
    UCR Nausea

8a) Give a reward to Max every time he is able to sit and stay on the seat for half a hour. or/ you punish him every time he moves from his seat.
b) By giving him an reward, you are positively reinforcing the behaviour that is desired (sitting on the chair), thereby increasing the chances that he will stay on his seat for half an hour. or/ By punishing him, for example, giving a painful stimulus, he may end up seeing moving away from the chair and interrupting the sessions as an undesirable thing and thus would more like stay on his chair.

9a) Because Spanish and Italian are similar language, there is a positive transfer of learning, making learning Italian easier.
b) Learning how to play saxophone may make it harder to learn the clarinet later on as the keys and embouchure are different. This is an example of how a particular learning set (playing saxophone) will make it harder to learn a new instrument.

[Glockmeister]

Research Methods SAQ

10) It is hypothesised that Grade 4 children in Victoria who undergo the literacy programme for 30 minutes each day for four weeks will more likely to see a higher result in Literacy Test B compared to Grade 4 children who watch cartoons of their choice for the equivalent period.

Notice the elements here of a operationalised hypothesis

• The Independent Variable
• Dependent Variable
• A prediction
• Population

If you missed any of those, you will lose marks.

11) IV = Programme that was watched by the Grade 4 children
     DV = Results from Literacy Test B

12) Random Allocation is the process of putting participants into experimental or control groups in a unbiased way. As a computer program was used to place students into either experimental or control groups, it could be said to be a random allocation.

13a) Matched Pairs Design. This is because students were placed into pairs based on their similarity of results and gender and then split in half such that one member of the pair was allocated to the experimental group whilst the other pair was allocated to the control group

b) Repeated Measures Design. This has the disadvantage of order effects, for example if you were to watch the cartoon first and then the literacy programme, it may affect the results in that the students may get bored of the literary programme after watching some cartoons.
    or/
    Independents Groups Design. The main disadvantage is that individual differences between the students may affect the results of the experiment. For example,  
students in the experimental group may have better natural ability in reading compared to the control group.

14) A level of significance of 0.05 indicates that, assuming the null hypothesis is true, that the results obtained represents an extreme and unlikely 5% value to be obtained

15) No

16) Maturation. There is a potential over the four weeks of the programme that students may have improved their reading naturally without any intervention.
(There's many other types of things that could influence the experiment. You just have to justify it.

17) No, as the sample was not chosen randomly

18) 1. Outline the purposes of the experiment, what things were done and why
     2. Give contact details to the parents if they want/need to talk to the researchers.

[forsaken231]

2 is A
11 is B
12 is A
23 is C
44 is A

[benob1352]

I had 2A 12A 23C 42A 43B 44A the rest were the same as yours

[23moss]

yep; 2 is A
11 is B
12 is A
23 is C
44 is A
 

all the rest is fine

[jessie_111]

Totally is my birthday today haha.
So I think I only got about 2 wrong all up on multi choice according to this. And the changes from other people.
Good thing too, made my day

[sophx]

hey for question 17 did it say if a generalisation could be made based on the sampling procedure?
... and on that topic, was the sample chosen through random sampling or not?

[bloodboy]

yes it did it was on sampling procedure.. and no it could not be generealised,sample isnt random

[Glockmeister]

hey for question 17 did it say if a generalisation could be made based on the sampling procedure?
... and on that topic, was the sample chosen through random sampling or not?

It was based on participant selection, but it was not random sampling. Let me fix that in the answer.

[EMILLY]

It couldnt be generalised because the sample used was not in proportion to the population. In other words the sample didnt represent the popultion, based on sex and race etc
Couldve been argued that the sample size was also to small to generalise it to the whole of victorian grade 4 students

[vexx]

thanks for this.
for Q18 though, is it correct to have the two points for debriefing:
* clear up any misunderstandings of the experiment and reveal true aim/nature of experiment if necessary.
* ensure no psychological or physiological harm has been done to participants, and remove any negative side effects if necessary as they must leave in the same physiological and psychological state they arrived in.

[Glockmeister]

thanks for this.
for Q18 though, is it correct to have the two points for debriefing:
* clear up any misunderstandings of the experiment and reveal true aim/nature of experiment if necessary.
* ensure no psychological or physiological harm has been done to participants, and remove any negative side effects if necessary as they must leave in the same physiological and psychological state they arrived in.

Yes that's fine, I'd imagine that's an open ended question with lots of potential solutions.

[Glockmeister]

It couldnt be generalised because the sample used was not in proportion to the population. In other words the sample didnt represent the popultion, based on sex and race etc
Couldve been argued that the sample size was also to small to generalise it to the whole of victorian grade 4 students

Wouldn't argue that the sample size is too small, because it isn't. 100 people is large enough from a statistical point of view, to make generalisations to the population