general questions for the big day...

[bar0029]

1. cladograms, whats the best method to draw them
2. how to come up with selection pressures?
3. what should i do during the day? what foods should i eat? should i study? etc.

[golden]

1. cladograms, whats the best method to draw them
Usually a good way to draw it is to draw a diagonal line with diagonal lines coming out of it, in different directions like:

http://www.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/WWC/1995/clado-cladogram.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/WWC/1995/simulation_restriction.php&usg=__qBwoKsM-62SHxGokO8_mQVOEPBg=&h=264&w=420&sz=6&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=xYohFt2H3wPnGM:&tbnh=105&tbnw=167&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCladogram%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1600%26bih%3D682%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=802&vpy=80&dur=759&hovh=178&hovw=283&tx=169&ty=118&ei=97nITPDkJ83ccJP84O8K&oei=97nITPDkJ83ccJP84O8K&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=33&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0

2. how to come up with selection pressures?
Look for what is causing one prevailing trait over another. For example if there is an antibiotic introduced to some bacteria, where there are some that survive and undergo binary fission (etc.) while there are others that die, then the selection pressure which is causing this change is the antibiotic being exposed to the bacteria.

3. what should i do during the day? what foods should i eat? should i study? etc.
Intense study should have been done yesterday and possibly today.

Do not eat too many fatty nor sugary foods especially on the exam day, you do not want to have to go to the toilet during the exam. Fatty foods can slow brain activity in large amounts.

You also do not want to eat too much food in general. Digestion causes increased bodily resources to digestion itself etc. (possibly) causing you to be more tired.

[onerealsmartass]

Any other tips for to do's tomorrow???

[golden]

Don't do too much tomorrow. Get all the final 'to dos' done today. It is those final 'to dos' that tend to take a long time and stress you out.

I recommend going to the toilet before the exam, so go early to school.

Before the exam, don't look at people too much. Many will be stressed so if you do that can bring stress and anxiety to you.
It might sound strange but it may work for you.

[sillysmile]

Don't do too much tomorrow. Get all the final 'to dos' done today. It is those final 'to dos' that tend to take a long time and stress you out.

I recommend going to the toilet before the exam, so go early to school.

Before the exam, don't look at people too much. Many will be stressed so if you do that can bring stress and anxiety to you.
It might sound strange but it may work for you.

yeah, definitely avoid the stressed lunatics!

[bar0029]

+1 to you!

by the way, what is the scratch technique?
also DNA recombination do i need to practice the method? or just basically need to know that the transgene is inserted into the plasmid which have both been cut by the restriction enzyme, and then joined by ligase; incorporated into the genome of the bacteria (or rather) which will produce the desired product. e.g., human insulin?

btw does anyone undertsnad how to do Q3 multiple choice of 2006 vcaa paper?

[Russ]

Three different alleles, arranged in sets of 2: AA, AB, AC, BB, BC, CC

Scratch technique is using your fingernail to mark answers during reading time

[golden]

+1 to you!

by the way, what is the scratch technique?
also DNA recombination do i need to practice the method? or just basically need to know that the transgene is inserted into the plasmid which have both been cut by the restriction enzyme, and then joined by ligase; incorporated into the genome of the bacteria (or rather) which will produce the desired product. e.g., human insulin?

btw does anyone undertsnad how to do Q3 multiple choice of 2006 vcaa paper?

Scratch technique:
Where you make a mark using your fingernails on the exam (scratching on the multiple choice) during the reading time so that when the writing time starts you can quickly locate the scratches and choose the answer.

Once again I do not recommend this.


I have a question:
Does RNA polymerase bind to the promoter in transcription? Do we need to know this? Or are we free to say 'RNA polymerase binds to the template strand'.

Would you say it binds to the promoter or the promoter region?

[The Detective]

+1 to you!

by the way, what is the scratch technique?
also DNA recombination do i need to practice the method? or just basically need to know that the transgene is inserted into the plasmid which have both been cut by the restriction enzyme, and then joined by ligase; incorporated into the genome of the bacteria (or rather) which will produce the desired product. e.g., human insulin?

btw does anyone undertsnad how to do Q3 multiple choice of 2006 vcaa paper?

Scratch technique:
Where you make a mark using your fingernails on the exam (scratching on the multiple choice) during the reading time so that when the writing time starts you can quickly locate the scratches and choose the answer.

Once again I do not recommend this.


I have a question:
Does RNA polymerase bind to the promoter in transcription? Do we need to know this? Or are we free to say 'RNA polymerase binds to the template strand'.

Would you say it binds to the promoter or the promoter region?

I think either is fine...

[Russ]

I have no idea whether you need to know it or not, but yeah there's a promoter region that regulates transcription

[bar0029]

i say:
RNA polymerase binds to the promotor region of the DNA template strand causing the DNA double helix to unwind resulting in exposed DNA nucleotides.

[golden]

i say:
RNA polymerase binds to the promotor region of the DNA template strand causing the DNA double helix to unwind resulting in exposed DNA nucleotides.

Wait, does the binding to the promoter region induce the DNA to unwind? I thought it was so the synthesis of mRNA could begin.

[Russ]

for mRNA to be produced you need ssDNA to build off

[bar0029]

this is what happens:

1. RNA polym. binds to the promotor region of the DNA causing it to unwind exposing nucleotides on the template strand.
2. RNA polym. add free RNA nucleotides to the exposed nucleotides on the template strand according to the base pairing rule.
3. When the terminator region is reached, the process of transcription stops and the final product is mRNA in prokaryotes and pre-mRNA in eukaryotes.


does anyone know how to do Q10 of MC from biol exam 2005.

[thushan]

It's more precise to say:

"RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region and moves along the gene; the free RNA nucleotides are added to the growing pre-mRNA strand whilst the DNA is unwound and DNA bases exposed."

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsofH466lqk

Watch this, it's good for transcription.