3. There'd be more glucagon in the body because when there is less blood glucose levels than normal, alpha cells increase their production of glucagon and beta cells decrease their production of insulin. This occurs because glucagon will act on the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, whereas insulin controls uptake of glucose from the cells into the blood - if there is less glucose in the blood then less insulin will be produced.
4. From 0 - 30 minutes the body is increasing the amount of glucose in cells as a lot of glucose solution has just been ingested. When the glucose levels begin to decline at 60 - 120 minutes, this is simply because the body is unable to keep the levels perfectly stable - the reactions are ongoing to keep the glucose level within a stable range. This is an example of a negative feedback system - when the glucose levels are too high the body responds with an opposite reaction - to reduce the levels, and vice versa.
5. The person in question may have diabetes mellitus - this is a disease in which a person is unable to produce insulin, so there is no way for the glucose to be taken into the cells and it remains in the persons bloodstream.
6. It's possible that he had just eaten something like fruit and there was a bit of sugar left on his fingers, contributing to the high readings. Not sure if that's the answer, only reason I could think of.
7. The term to describe a relatively stable internal environment is Homeostasis. Essentially the negative feedback system for maintaing blood glucose levels in the body:
STIMULUS: A high or low amount of glucose in the body - normal range is 3.6 - 6.8 mmol per L.
The receptors are the islet of Langerhans cells in the pancreas.
Essentialy, if the blood glucose level is above the normal range, a message is sent to the Pancreas (co-ordinating centre) from the receptors, which cause the Alpha and Beta cells (effectors) to produce less glucagon and more insulin. Thus glucose moves from the bloodstream into the liver and converted into glycogen, while more glucose is also absorbed into the cells. This in turn causes the glucose level to fall.
If the glucose level is below the normal range, it's the same thing but in reverse. Alpha cells produce more glucagon and beta cells produce less insulin, meaning that glycogen in the liver is converted into glucose and enters the liver while less glucose is absorbed by cells, generating the response that the glucose level rises.
^ I might be wrong on some of these. Would love a 2nd opinion =D. Also, if the answers need more detail that'd also be good to know.
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