Cahier's can differ. I normally be more specific and relate the cahier with the convocation of the Estates General itself. Hence from Jan-April 1789. Or you can say that publications/political pamphlets against the monarchy itself started as soon as Spring 1788, or from May 1788 onwards. This was during the time when the King removed the parlements and replaced them with Plenary Courts. This linked to the Day of Tiles.
Lit de Justice:
Essentially the use of the King's absolute rule to bypass legislation from the King. Examples include on August 15 1787, November 17, 1787 and May 8 1788.
Lettres of de cachet. Can essentially view it as lit de justice in a letter form. If it tells you you're moving to Bastille Prison - no arguments there boss.
AoS 2:
Affiliations and groups are not (that) important, but it is good to have a basic idea of what they were. Since AoS2 does focus on historian's opinion quite a bit, unless you're planning to write an essay on them.
Feulliants: Led by Lafayette and was created after the event of Champ de Mars (July 17 1791). They were born out of the Jacobin Club, with about 500+ members leaving. They, like its predecessor The Society of Thirty, wanted to maintain a constitutional monarchy. Many of them were bourgeois or landowners. They were essentially the 'men of 1789' that fell due to the actions of King Louis XVI and the growing radicalisation.
Brissotins/ Girodins: Led by Brissot himself. Many of the deputies were bourgeois that came from the province of Girode. Prior to 1793 they were known as Brissots, being led by Jacques Brissot. The main outlying point about this group is that they supported Federalism. Their removal, as well as their calls for decentralisation would be a key factor in the Federalist Revolt (June-October 1793).
Dantonists aka Cordeliers, I think. I never encountered Dantonists before. Founded in April 1790. Generally more radical because of their low membership fee. Hence, it attracted radical workers (sans cullotes). Main political idea was direct democracy and right of insurrection.
Herbertists: Somewhere from 1792 onward they came trotting about. Main driving force behind the fall of the Girondins from the National Assembly from late May -June 1793. Closely, if not, represented the higher majority of radical workers. Main events they perpetuated was creating tensions with Robesy himself from late September 1793 onwards, and supported radical measures being put into place. This include Law of Suspects and Law of Maximum.
Montagnards: Was made up of some Girondins and such, however their removal from June 1793 gave Jacobins the full power. Hence most link Montagnards with the Jacobins. Originally represented the bourgeois, but slowly became reliant on the sans cullotes after acknowledging their power. Hence their concessions made.
Jacobins becoming part of the Government, and when it became more than just a club. Osgood's right, no political party. However, their growing influence allowed them to subsume authority and hence they become a government (or a dictatorship, if you're looking from an orthodox view). This can be evident from the Three Law's (Suspect, Frimarie and 22 Priarial) that granted them centralisation, the removal of other political parties (Girondins in June 1793, Herberists in March 1794 and Dantonists in April 1794). They were the surviving cub that wielded a bucket load of power.
Assembly's Radicalisation.
The Legislative Assembly or the National Assembly? I'll go with Legislative. It lasted from 1791 September to 20 September 1792. Many factors led to its radicalisation, but predominantly, it can be blamed on:
A) Growing disillusionment of the Sans Cullotes: Sharp falls in economy due to the falling value of assignats created social tensions. Poor harvests was also seen from 1791 onwards as well. The Sans Cullotes therefore linked their economic grievances with a political dilemma and believed that it (during 1792 onwards) that it was the Court's fault trying to ruin the Revolution. This would lead to the Sans Cullote's popular call for the General Law of Maximum (29 September 1793).
B) Early failures of 1972 campaign: French incompetence to stop the stagnation of Austrian and Prussian advance was exacerbated by failures and Marat's "L'Ami du Peuple", a radical pamphlet. Failures meant the psychological thought of defeat. This 'radicalisation' can be seen in March 1793 when the soldiers murdered their own General Dillion in thought that he would be betraying the revolution.
C) Growing ideas of Republicanism. The significance here is the King's Flight to Varennes. Because of this flight, it, as Tackett states, created "social consequences", and the Champ de Mars Massacre only reaffirmed people's belief that Republicanism was the way to go. People has always felt that their King was a counter revolutionary force, and only the Declaration of Pillnitz ( August 27 1791) only confirmed it. Hence the rise of republicanism. Constitutional Monarchy was dead.
D) Other active events: Such as the assault on Tulieries, etc. This threw the king off the boat, and the Paris Communes would assume authority over the National Guard through their creation of the Insurrectionary Commune (19 August 1792).
Extraordinary/Revolutionary Tribunal. Osgood makes a clear point. It was initially created by Danton as a result of the September Massacre. Made to deliver revolutionary justice on any forms of traitors, but by October 1793 they passed a decree which sanctioned to only a 10 day preceding. This would be changed by the 3 Law's that made it death or freedom.
September 5 1793: It was the invasion of the National Convention by Herbet that demanded a maximum on grain. This also included the creation of revolutionary armies that would terrorise the population in order to protect their grain trading. Hence, the religious terror. The most important part of this event is, however, that it placed Herbet into conflict with the Jacobins and Robespierre. They used 70,000 (or some other number, it had a 7 and a couple of zero's) National Guards to FORCE the N.C to comply. Robespierre did not enjoy this bullying, hence their centralisation from September 1793 onwards.
October 10 1793: It was the Decree of Revolutionary Government which declared that it would be held until enemies have been removed. All government organisations would be placed under the control of the CPS. This included the Executive Committe, ministers, army, etc. Guess who's in charge of the CPS? Robesy.
Brunswick Manifesto and Declaration of Pillnitz.
I'm not too sure here, but it could be (or it is) the fact of the French military victories. The September Massacres (2-5 Sept. 1792) for example, gave about 100,000-200,000 into the front. The Paris Commune's use of 300,000 men conscription on 24 feb 1793 also gave power to French army as well. Others include Napolean's tactical genius.
Law of Suspects: Severity could be objective. But if you're thinking, yes, it is: It's because the Law of Suspects was as vague as the Soviet's Criminal Code. It was vague and anyone who were suspects were to be placed under custody. This included actions such as their inability of justify their means of existence and performance of civic duties, or , refused of certificates of revolutionary patriotism that the Paris Commune handed out.
No clue on Danton's resignation. Off the top of my head I believe he became a minister of foreign affairs instead.
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