I had a few questions:
1. To what level of detail do we need to know about how neurotransmitters work? Because the study design mentions the "sources and mode of transmission of various signalling molecules, including... neurotransmitters". Do we need to know about how the action potential is fired and moves through the neuron? (Sodium-Potassium pump)
EDIT: Is this considered double posting (sorry if it is idk the rules)?
My school taught us the whole thing with calcium gated protein channels etc and sodium gated ligands etc I’m not sure if this is necessary I think not but maybe just in case? I think just knowing the action potential changing the voltage and allowing for opening of the voltage gated calcium ion channels onwards is enough.
I had a few questions:
2. In some of past study design exams: MC says that the greater the stimulus, the size of the nerve impulse does not change. Can you please explain this and how the action potential/nerve impulse works.
EDIT: Is this considered double posting (sorry if it is idk the rules)?
I had a few questions:
3. Is the mechanism of Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) that activates specific T helper cells considered the 2nd line of defence (innate) or is it part of the 3rd line of defence (adaptive immunity)? The APCs would engulf the pathogen via phagocytosis (2nd line phagocytes do this?) and then present its pathogenic antigens on its surface.
EDIT: Is this considered double posting (sorry if it is idk the rules)?
It’s considered a part of adaptive immunity (3rd line) this is why APCs are said to be the link between innate and adaptive immunity. The engulfing part is 2nd but the MHCII to present to T -helper is third line.
I’m sorry I can’t quote anymore!!
4. The endoplasmic reticulum is probably considered as the production area of protein as it has ribosomes on it which is where translation takes place. But I also understand the rough endo....to be intracrllular transport as well (after being protein production due to having ribosomes). It I wouldn’t state it’s the place but I would say it has ribosomes so therefore....... P.S these are proteins for export only.
5. Homologous and analogous structures are like under the umbrella of comparative anatomy
6. Maybe Teacher said for this there’s thousands of theories BUT in VCE: Out if Africa suggested Homo sapiens first migrated out of Africa? Or was it homo erectus? She said it was homo erectus at first then they died but the homo erectus still in Africa evolved into sapien and migrated.
Really not sure about this one so maybe we should see what others say 2. For question 2 I think I came across this in the VCAA 2010 exam it seemed irrelevant to current SD but I’d also like to know the answer
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