VCE Biology Question Thread

[doomdestroyer]

how would you explain the function of cpDNA?

Holds genes that code for proteins involved in photosynthesis?

[mahler004]

I thought it was 2 pyruvate? Unless its one for anaerobic and aerobic?
Never heard of cpDNA...
Definitely think we might... depends on the mark allocation really. Make sure you include the splicing of pre-mRNA to mRNA

Yep, it's two pyruvate (shows me for not checking )

cpDNA is chloroplast DNA. Function is just to produce some proteins needed by chloroplasts.

Also is this the defintion of an antibiotic- can only be used to treat bacterial infections and have no effect on viral infections. The substance is naturally produced by one microorganism that selectively inhibits the growth of another microorganism.

Wikipedia defines it as "An antibiotic is an agent that either kills or inhibits the growth of a microorganism [bacteria]."

Many modern antibiotics are synthetic/modifications of natural compounds, so they don't have to be natural.

[TimewaveZero]

Holds genes that code for proteins involved in photosynthesis?

Yeah I just wrote; "Codes the genes for the production of necessary proteins required for photosynthesis to occur". Think this would be satisfactory?

[TimewaveZero]

Can someone tell me the difference betweenn experimental + control and independent + dependent variables?
I thought that they were synonymous for each other?
thannkyouu

I think they are much the same thing. Someone correct me if I am wrong?

[Rachelle]

I think they are much the same thing. Someone correct me if I am wrong?

i got given a list of what to include in the experimental design, and they are listed under separate dot points,.

[RazzMeTazz]

Can someone tell me the difference betweenn experimental + control and independent + dependent variables?
I thought that they were synonymous for each other?
thannkyouu

The experimental/independent variable = is the variable being altered in the experiment.
The dependent variable = variable being measured in the experiment.

Control = group that serves as a comparison with the treatment group (the group subject to the experimental/independent variable) to properly account for the effects of the experimental/independent variable.

Hope that helped

[Rachelle]

The experimental/independent variable = is the variable being altered in the experiment.
The dependent variable = variable being measured in the experiment.

Control = group that serves as a comparison with the treatment group (the group subject to the experimental/independent variable) to properly account for the effects of the experimental/independent variable.

Hope that helped

'The dependent variable = variable being measured in the experiment.' --> what do you mean  'measured' ?
Other than that, thanks

[ennioc]

'The dependent variable = variable being measured in the experiment.' --> what do you mean  'measured' ?
Other than that, thanks

Not sure if I am 100% correct here but say you are testing the effect of pH on an enzyme, the independent variable would be pH and then the dependant variable would be the amount of product produced as this is what you are measuring.

[AllG_]

What is the evolutionary advantage of a protruding nose, or what was the reason why Homo Sapiens developed one?

[anat0my]

What is the evolutionary advantage of a protruding nose, or what was the reason why Homo Sapiens developed one?

Greater sense of smell and thermoregulation.


What's the advantage for flatter faces? thanks

[Chang Feng]

How would you describe the process of apoptosis (if was a 2-3 mark question)?

[AllG_]

Greater sense of smell and thermoregulation.


What's the advantage for flatter faces? thanks

Cheers

Flatter faces resulted from more vertical/less slanting forehead which allowed for larger cranial case for larger brain

[AllG_]

Cheers

Flatter faces resulted from more vertical/less slanting forehead which allowed for larger cranial case for larger brain

Actually i'm not sure if it's got to do with the more vertical forehead, could someone confirm?

[Reus]

How would you describe the process of apoptosis (if was a 2-3 mark question)?

The mitochondria stimulates cytochrome-c which activates caspases - an enzyme which is involved in the degradation of organelles... thus apoptosis has been achieved.

[katiesaliba]

-Would it be sufficient to define a placebo as a substance that is administrated purely for psychologically effect rather than for physiological benefit? Do I have to mention it as being a control?

-Omg, every single 'process' question I end up writing an essay. But SURELY when describing light dependent photosynthesis, examiners will want want than 'water splits to form O2/H+. ATP is formed'?!
Does anyone mention photosystems? I end up writing about how, upon light-incited excitation, chlorophyll in photosystems I and II loses electrons. Electrons from photosystem I combine with H+ ions in the stroma to form NADHP, where as electrons from photosystem II move to replenish those lost from photosystem I creating a concentration gradient of H+ ions within the thylakoid space. Meanwhile, water splits to form O2, electrons and H+ ions. The electrons replenish those lost from photosystem II and the H+ ions combine with those congregated in the thylakoid space to facilitate the production of ATP from ATP synthase.

And then for allergy questions, should we mention macrophages, T-helper cells, B-cells producing IgE?? I do  Should I just mention:
-allergen identification
-mast cell activation by cross linking of said antigen between IgE antibodies
-mast cell degranulation, resulting in histamine release.

Guys, help. I'm a verbose mess ahaha.