About to ask/clarify a lot of shit:
When would we use DNA-DNA Hybridisation to determine evolutionary relationships? Example please!
Also, do we need to know about phyletic, parallel and coevolution?
What are the factors that affect the gene flow besides migration?
Whats the difference b/w adaptive radiation and divergent evolution?
Are antibodies produced, and hence does immunological memory occur upon bacterial infection & viral infection, or just viral?
APC's have MHC II markers yeah?
Are endogenous antigens rogue substances or infected cells that are found inside the body?
Also, just to clarify:
Independant variable - Variable that is being altered
Dependent variable - Variable being measured
Control - A group that is treated exactly like an experimental group except for the variable one's testing
1. When you're trying to identify how similar the nucleotide sequences are (similar DNA).
2. The study design specifically mentions divergent and convergent evolution so I'm assuming basic terminology on parallel and coevolution will do.
3. Gene flow is pretty much another term for migration, so I wouldn't say that migration is a "factor" which influences gene flow. Rather, gene flow consists of the movement of genes from one population to another
4. Again the study design did not specify we need to know adaptive radiation in detail, but to answer your question, adaptive radiation is the evolution of varieties of a species, each adapted for life in a different niche and each evolved over time from a single ancestral species. Whereas divergent evolution is simply when closely related species become more dissimilar over time due to different environmental conditions.
5. I'm not 100% sure what you mean in that question, but antibodies are produced by plasma cells (B-cells) to identify and neutralise foreign materials (antigens). Memory cells form from exposure to an antigen and hence resulting in acquire immunity to that specific antigen
6. I'm pretty certain that we don't need to know what APC is.. As far as I know, MHC class 2 markers can be found on B cells T cells and some macrophages
7.Endogenous antigens are antigens that have been generated within previously normal cells as a result of normal cell metabolism, or because of viral or intracellular bacterial infection.
Also your definitions for the scientific methods are correct.
However I would refrain from talking about control as "A group that is being treated exactly like an experimental group except for the variable one's testing", rather something like "A group in a scientific experiment where the factor being tested is not applied so that it may serve as a standard for comparison against another group where the factor is applied."
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